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. 2023 May 22;14:2919. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38346-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 9 — A A diagram of the experimental design. B Cavitated (severe) carious lesions developed on the animal’s teeth, similar to those found clinically in severe childhood tooth decay. C Confirmation of infection by qPCR. Oral swabs were taken on Day 21, Day 24, and Day 30 and were subject to qPCR analysis using species-specific probes. D Body weight of the animals was measured weekly to monitor the systematic impact of the bacterial infection on animal health during the experiment period. No significant differences were observed between groups. E Keyes scoring of total caries (tooth decay) developed on the smooth surfaces. F Keyes scoring of cavitated (severe) lesions developed on smooth surfaces. Caries scores were recorded as stages and extent of carious lesion severity according to Larson’s modification of Keyes’ scoring system. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. (n = 8 animals) and significant p-values are provided above the bars (p < 0.05, derived from one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey HSD test). ns denotes differences not statistically significant (p > 0.05).