Table 5.

Cox proportional hazards analysis for the independent risk factors in respiratory disease mortality.

	Hazard ratio	95% CI		p value
Respiratory diseases including malignant neoplasm (n = 1263)
Sex (men)	3.750	3.056	4.623	< 0.0001*
Age (+ 1 year)	1.106	1.090	1.122	< 0.0001*
Body mass index (+ 1 kg/m2)	0.915	0.892	0.939	< 0.0001*
Systolic blood pressure (+ 1 mmHg)	0.995	0.995	1.004	0.6863
Habit of walking and/or physical activity	0.839	0.718	0.979	0.0261*
Fast walking speed	0.518	0.439	0.610	< 0.0001*
Smoking history	1.941	1.627	2.309	< 0.0001*
Drinking habits	0.617	0.523	0.729	< 0.0001*
Adequate sleep	1.170	0.965	1.430	0.1114
History of cerebrovascular diseases	1.623	1.247	2.079	0.0005*
History of cardiovascular diseases	1.273	0.991	1.613	0.0588
Hemoglobin A1c (+ 1%)	1.213	1.127	1.298	< 0.0001*
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (+ 1 mg/dl)	0.995	0.992	0.997	< 0.0001*
Alanine aminotransferase (+ 1 U/L)	1.001	0.997	1.005	0.5408
Uric acid (+ 1 mg/dl)	1.056	1.012	1.084	0.0161*
Creatinine (+ 1 mg/dl)	1.132	0.902	1.308	0.2430
Urinary protein (positive)	1.432	1.189	1.716	0.0002*
Respiratory diseases excluding malignannt neoplasm (n = 437)
Sex (men)	3.898	2.879	5.355	< 0.0001*
Age (+ 1 year)	1.141	1.111	1.173	< 0.0001*
Body mass index (+ 1 kg/m2)	0.831	0.790	0.874	< 0.0001*
Diastolic blood pressure (+ 1 mmHg)	0.989	0.977	1.001	0.0703
Weight gain more than 10 kg since age 20	1.083	0.767	1.515	0.6470
Exercise habit for more than 30 min	0.591	0.442	0.783	0.0002*
Fast walking speed	0.274	0.197	0.375	< 0.0001*
History of cerebrovascular diseases	2.049	1.379	2.950	0.0006*
History of cardiovascular diseases	1.336	0.893	1.936	0.1537
History of chronic renal failure	2.175	0.765	4.831	0.1309
Hemoglobin A1c (+ 1%)	1.241	1.108	1.366	0.0005*
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (+ 1 mg/dl)	0.995	0.991	0.999	0.0281*
Aspartate aminotransferase (+ 1 U/L)	1.002	0.996	1.005	0.3752
Uric acid (+ 1 mg/dl)	1.066	1.000	1.101	0.0497*
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (+ 1 mL/min/1.73m2)	1.006	1.003	1.007	0.0003*
Urinary protein (positive)	1.876	1.396	2.491	< 0.0001*
Malignant neoplasm of respiratory tract (n = 826)
Sex (men)	3.607	2.306	5.723	< 0.0001*
Age (+ 1 year)	1.096	1.064	1.131	< 0.0001*
Waist circumference (+ 1 cm)	1.014	0.996	1.032	0.1242
Systolic blood pressure (+ 1 mmHg)	0.999	0.989	1.008	0.7573
Fast walking speed	0.629	0.456	0.860	0.0035*
Smoking history	3.287	2.349	4.586	< 0.0001*
Drinking habits	0.842	0.601	1.187	0.3247
Adequate sleep	1.187	0.806	1.810	0.3955
History of cerebrovascular diseases	1.650	0.955	2.671	0.0711
History of cardiovascular diseases	0.717	0.375	1.244	0.2507
Hemoglobin A1c (+ 1%)	1.209	1.035	1.380	0.0188*
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (+ 1 mg/dl)	0.996	0.991	1.002	0.1794
Alanine aminotransferase (+ 1 U/L)	1.000	0.988	1.006	0.9749
Hemoglobin (+ 1 g/dl)	0.884	0.792	0.993	0.0376*
Uric acid (+ 1 mg/dl)	1.011	0.897	1.091	0.8525
Creatinine (+ 1 mg/dl)	1.068	0.537	1.475	0.8094
Urinary protein (positive)	0.964	0.634	1.421	0.8583

Asterisk means p < 0.05, statistically significant.