Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects and autoresuscitation events in case reports
| Reference/country (year) |
Population/age | Context | CPR duration (min) | Last cardiac rhythm prior to AR | Time from arrest/CPR cessation to AR (min) |
Type of monitoring at arrest | Continuous monitoring during arrest | Type of monitoring at AR event | Final reported outcome (AR event duration) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bao et al. USA (2021) |
Adult 39 yr |
DCD | n/a | Not reported | 1 | CRM | Yes | CRM |
Died (17 min) |
|
Mullen et al. UK (2021) |
Pediatric 18 months |
OHCA | 10 CPR cycles | Not reported | ~6 | ECG, clinical assessment | No | Clinical assessment | Survived with impairment |
|
Steinhorn et al.* USA (2021) |
Pediatric 16 yr |
WLSM | n/a | Asystole | Several | ECG, IABP | No | ECG | Survived without further impairment |
| 23 months | WLSM | n/a | Not reported | ~14 | Clinical assessment | No | Clinical assessment |
Died (3 hrs 35 min) |
|
|
Sypre et al.* Belgium (2021) |
Adult 66 yr |
IHCA | 32 | PEA | >5 (not further specified) | ECG | Yes | Not reported | Not reported |
|
Zier et al. USA (2021) |
Pediatric 2 yr |
DCD | n/a | Asystole | 2–4 | ECG, IABP | Yes | ECG, IABP |
Died (~ 20 min) |
|
Mahon et al. USA (2020) |
Adult 79 yr |
IHCA | 9 | PEA | ~9 | ECG | No | Clinical assessment |
Died (10 hrs) |
|
Sharma et al. USA (2020) |
Adult 33 yr |
IHCA | 30 | Asystole | 20 | ECG, IABP | No | Clinical assessment |
Died (7 days) |
|
Sprenkeler et al. Netherlands (2019) |
Adult 86 yr |
WLSM | n/a | Asystole | ~4 | ECG | Yes | ECG | Survived without impairment |
|
Pasquier et al. Switzerland (2018) |
Adult 63 yr |
OHCA | 70 | Asystole | ~10 | Not reported | No | Clinical assessment | Survived without impairment |
|
Yerna et al. Belgium (2018) |
Adult 61 yr |
OHCA | 45 | Asystole | 3 | ECG | Yes | ECG, clinical assessment |
Died (~12 hrs) |
|
Spowage- Delaney et al. United Kingdom (2017) |
Adult 66 yr |
OHCA | 45 | PEA | 5 | ECG | Yes | ECG, clinical assessment | Survived without impairment |
|
Sukhyanti et al. India (2016) |
Adult 25 yr |
IHCA | ~40 | Asystole | ~5-7 | ECG, pulse oximetry, noninvasive BP | No | ECG |
Died (4 hrs) |
|
Wilseck et al. USA (2015) |
Adult 50 yr |
IHCA | 30 | Asystole | ~2 | ECG, IABP | Yes | ECG, IABP | Survived with impairment |
|
Vaux et al. France (2013) |
Adult 63 yr |
OHCA | 40 | Asystole | 10 | ECG | No | ECG, clinical assessment |
Died (a few minutes) |
| 78 yr | OHCA | 41 | Asystole | ~2 | ECG | No | ECG, clinical assessment |
Died (5 min) |
*Full data unavailable, published in abstract only
AR = autoresuscitation; BP = blood pressure; CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CRM = cardiorespiratory monitoring (described as blood pressure [not specified if invasive or noninvasive], oxygen saturation, auscultation); DCD = donation after death determination by circulatory criteria; ECG = electrocardiography; IABP = invasive arterial blood pressure; IHCA = in-hospital cardiac arrest; OHCA = out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; PEA = pulseless electrical activity; WLSM = withdrawal of life-sustaining measures