Table 1.

PICOS summary criteria for article inclusion

PICOS criterion	Key inclusion criteria
Population	• Adults with osteoporosis or related fractures. The locations included in this report represent a subset of the 27 locations searched as part of a broader research effort for the AP region. Due to the volume of results obtained, only seven locations are reported here (Australia, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan) to represent many of the region’s most developed economies. Data for the remaining locations were more limited but may be published elsewhere and are available from the study sponsor by request
Intervention/comparators	• All intervention and comparator studies unless the comparator arms had no group that was potentially representative of the general population (e.g., a control arm)
Outcomes	• Incidence and prevalence of osteoporosis and related fractures; the conditions could be self-reported or medically diagnosed • Related fractures were any broken or fractured bones associated with osteopenia or osteoporosis, including stress, compression, hairline and other fractures formally diagnosed or empirically treated; self-reported fractures were also included. Fractures or bone loss specifically attributed to another medical condition were excluded
Study types	• Observational or epidemiological study published 2000–2018 •Intervention study with a minimally restricted or general population control arm published 2000–2018 • Conference abstracts or posters from professional societies published 2016–2018 • Gray literature, such as professional society or government health organization reports, policies or guidelines, fact sheets, database statistics reports, or web content, published 2000–2018

Abbreviations: AP, Asia Pacific