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. 2023 May 22;13:8276. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-35281-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Visceral adipose tissue inflammation. Immune cell subsets were analyzed in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) homogenates of End.LepR-WT and End.LepR-KO mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks using flow cytometry. Representative dot plots after analysis of MHC-II and Ly6C are shown in (A), of CD11c and MHC11 in (C), the results of the quantitative analysis of CD45⁺ Lin⁻ CD11b⁺ Ly6C^high CXCR1⁺ MHCII⁻ cells in (B) and of CD45⁺ Lin⁻ CD11b⁻ CD11c⁺ MHCII⁻ in (D), respectively. Data are expressed as % of total living cells in VAT and were compared using One-Way ANOVA, Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.005. (E) Representative images after immunohistochemical analysis of macrophages in VAT of End.LepR-WT and End.LepR-KO mice fed HFD for 16 weeks. Scale bars represent 100 μm. The results of the quantitative analysis of the Mac2-immunopositive area are shown in (F), the number of crown-like structures (CLS) or nucleated giant cells per 100 adipocytes are shown in (G) and (H), respectively. Data were analyzed using Student’s t test. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.