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. 2023 May 9;11:1113961. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1113961

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Copyright © 2023 Maxson Jones and Morgan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Lamprey spinal cord. (A) Sigmund Freud’s 1877 drawings of the lamprey spinal cord in cross-section. (Left) A drawing of half of the spinal cord, showing several giant reticulospinal (RS) axons in the ventral spinal cord and the central canal. (Right) A drawing showing the position of the spinal cord within the spinal canal. Adapted from Freud, 1877. ^© Freud Museum London and supplied courtesy of Freud Museum London. (B) Image of a lamprey spinal cord in cross-section, stained with toluidine blue. Note the similarities between the image and Freud’s early drawings. Photo credit: Emily B. Brady, J. Morgan laboratory. Ventral side is up in panels (A,B).