. 2023 May 9;14:1121353. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1121353

TABLE 1.

Level and effect of BACH in digestive system diseases.

Name	Organs	Disease	Alteration	Function	References
BACH1	Esophagus	ESCC	Upregulated	Promotes the proliferation, invasion and metastasis by inducing EMT and angiogenesis	Jiang et al. (2015); Xie et al. (2023)
BACH1	Esophagus	ESCC	Upregulated	Inhibits biosynthesis of MUFAs by transcriptionally inhibiting SCD1 gene to induce ferroptosis, thereby promoting lymphatic metastasis and inhibiting hematogenous metastasis	Jiang et al. (2015); Xie et al. (2023)
BACH1	stomach	GC	Upregulated	Promotes macrophage-dependent GC progression via polarization into M2 macrophages	Fang and Lu. (2020); Yang et al. (2022)
BACH2	Stomach	GC	Upregulated	Associated with poor prognosis in patients with GC of MSI-H	Tian et al. (2020); Haam et al. (2014)
BACH2	Stomach	GC	Upregulated	BACH2 deficiency promotes GC cell proliferation in vitro	Tian et al. (2020); Haam et al. (2014)
BACH1	Bowel	CRC	Dynamically altered	Enhances CRC cell migration, invasion by increasing the expression of STARD8, TIAM2, MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-13, SNAIL1, CXCR4, and HMGA2	Chang et al. (2020); El-Deek et al. (2019); Zhu et al. (2018); Chen et al. (2022)
BACH1	Bowel	CRC	Dynamically altered	Promotes or have no effect on proliferation
BACH1	Bowel	IBD		BACH1-deficiency macrophages inhibit TNBS-induced colitis by promoting M2 phenotype	Harusato et al. (2013); Takagi et al. (2018); Pradhan et al. (2022)
				BACH1 deficiency promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation and affects mitochondrial function
				Reduced BACH1 expression protects the intestinal mucosa in DSS-induced colitis mouse model
		Indometha-cin induced intestinal injury		Attenuates injury via suppressing inflammation and apoptosis	Harusato et al. (2011)
BACH2	Bowel	CRC		Promotes immune homeostasis, durable tumor immunosuppression and metastasis by regulating Treg and NK cells	Grant et al. (2020); Li et al. (2022)
		UC(IBD)	Upregulated	Significantly associated with UC	Ding et al. (2021)
		CD (IBD)		CD susceptibility gene	Romani et al. (2021); Laffin et al. (2018)
		CD (IBD)		Closely related to the postoperative recurrence in patients with CD	Romani et al. (2021); Laffin et al. (2018)
		IBD		Regulates CD161+ Treg cells to enhance wound healing of epithelium	Povoleri et al. (2018)
		CeD	Downregulated	Associated with CeD pathogenesis	Medrano et al. (2019); Quinn et al. (2015)
BACH1	Liver	HCC	Upregulated	Promotes growth, metastasis, or cellular inflammation through transcriptional activation of IGF1R, PKT and HK2 or influencing P53 pathway	Xie et al. (2022); Sun et al. (2021); Du et al. (2022); Sun et al. (2020a); Xu et al. (2016); Zhao et al. (2022)
				Suppresses autophagy, proliferation, metastasis by influencing P53 pathway or targeting TKT gene
				Regulates glucose and glutathione metabolism
BACH1	Liver	HCV		Deficient BACH1 inhibits HCV replication	Ghaziani et al. (2006); Chen et al. (2019)
		HCV		Influences cytotoxic effects of HCV proteins	Ghaziani et al. (2006); Chen et al. (2019)
		NASH		Inhibition of BACH1 reduces steatohepatitis and fibrosis	Inoue et al. (2011)
		ATDH		SNPs importantly associated with ATDH	Zhang et al. (2018a)
BACH1	Liver	APAP-induced liver injury	Upregulated	Involved in oxidative stress promoting liver damage	Abo El-Magd and Eraky (2020)
		Sepsis-induced liver injury	Dynamically altered	Knockdown of BACH1 attenuates liver injury via increasing hepatic blood flow and decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation	Tanioka et al. (2021); Cai et al. (2022)
BACH1	Liver	Ethinylestr-adiol induced cholestasis		Influences bile flow and urinary bile acid clearance	Muchova et al. (2015)
BACH1	Bile duct	Ethinylestr-adiol induced cholestasis		Influences bile flow and urinary bile acid clearance	Muchova et al. (2015)
BACH1	Bile duct	CCA	Downregulated	Inhibits the transcription of genes encoding proteasome subunits	Jiang et al. (2020b); Liu et al. (2022b)
BACH2	Bile duct	PSC		Associated with the susceptibility	Liu et al. (2013b)
BACH1	Pancreas	Pancreatic cancer	Upregulated or Downregulated	Promotes EMT by increasing iron and the expression of vimentin and SNAI2 and decreasing E-cadherin, FOXA1, CLDN3, and CLDN4 expression	Kim et al. (2021); Sato et al. (2020); Liu et al. (2022); Huang et al. (2018); Liu et al. (2022)
				Inhibits EMT by increasing E-cadherin and ZO-1 expression and decreasing ZEB1, vimentin and Slug expression
				Suppresses cell growth and angiogenesis
				SNPs is related with worse overall survival and resistant to gemcitabine
BACH2		Chronic pancreatitis	Downregulated	BACH2 inhibition promotes polarization toward Th17 cells and a higher inflammatory response	Sasikala et al. (2018)
BACH2		Chronic pancreatitis	Downregulated	Associated with advanced clinical features	Sasikala et al. (2018)

Abbreviations: ESCC, Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; GC, Gastric cancer; CRC, Colorectal cancer; HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma; CCA, Cholangiocarcinoma; NASH, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ; ATDH, Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity; APAP, Acetaminophen; UC, Ulcerative colitis; CD, Crohn’s disease; IBDs, Inflammatory bowel diseases; CeD, Coeliac disease; PSC, Primary sclerosing cholangiti; MSI-H, microsatellite instability-high status microsatellite instability-high status; MUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids.