TABLE 2.
BACH1 regulator and their effect in the diseases.
| Regulator | Disease | Pharmacological function | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Degrader Hemin | Breast cancer | Promotes the degradation of BACH1 | Lee et al. (2019); Lu et al. (2021) |
| Alters metabolic pathways which are downstream of BACH1 Increases sensitivity of cancer cells against mitochondrial inhibitors including metformin and AVO | |||
| Inhibits breast cancer growth in vivo and vitro | |||
| Lung cancer | Promotes the degradation of BACH1 | Lignitto et al. (2019) | |
| Suppresses lung cancer metastasis in vivo and vitro | |||
| Degrader | Breast and lung cancer | Promotes the degradation of BACH1 in breast and lung cancer | Moreno et al. (2022) |
| TBE56 (50-fold more potent than hemin) | Suppresses breast cancer cell metastasisin in vitro | ||
| Inhibitor | Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced liver injury | Inhibits BACH1 | Marchese et al. (2018) |
| M2 | Suppresses cell death in vitro | ||
| Improves symptoms of weight loss and liver injury in vivo | |||
| Inhibitor HPP (HPP-A, HPP-B, HPP-C, HPP-E and HPP-4382) | Bone destructive diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis | Suppresses BACH1 activity | Attucks et al. (2014); Wada et al. (2020) |
| Hinders binding to the HMOX1 E2 enhancer in vitro | |||
| Inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and lipopolysaccharide-induced bone destruction | |||
| Inhibitor benzimidazole | Parkinson | Inhibits BACH1 | Ahuja et al. (2021) |
| Plays a neuroprotective role in mouse models | |||
| Inhibitor | Huntington’s disease | Inhibits BACH1 | Casares et al. (2020) |
| Isomeric | Activates NRF2 | ||
| O-methylcannabidiolq-uinones | Plays a neuroprotective role in vitro | ||
| Inhibitor | Lung cancer | Activates NRF2 | Casares et al. (2022) |
| CDDO-Me and CDDO-TFEA) | Reduces BACH1 nuclear levels while accumulating its cytoplasmic form | ||
| Impairs lung cancer cell invasion in vitro | |||
| Agonists myricetin | Cardiac hypertrophy | Upregulates BACH2 expression | Jiang et al. (2022) |
| Downregulates the mRNA levels of hypertrophic markerBnp and Myh7 | |||
| Has a BACH2-dependent protective effect in vivo and in vitro |
Abbreviations: oleanane triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9 (11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO); 1-Piperazineethanol, α-[(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy) methyl] -4-(2-methoxyphenyl) (M2); High point pharmaceuticals (HPP).