Table 3.
Summary of main effects and interactions of the longitudinal and cross-sectional ROI analyses.
| ROI | Condition | Effect |
longitudinal (no cov.); rmANOVA |
longitudinal (cov. RF); rmANOVA |
mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional (cov. RF); LMM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| vOTC |
V |
TP | F(4,60)= 3.15, p = .020 | n.s. (p = .350) | F(4154.96)= 4.89, p = .001 |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .267) | F(4155.77)= 2.41, p = .052 | ||
| RF | - | n.s. (p = .621) | n.s. (p = .971) | ||
| A | TP | n.s. (p = .320) | n.s. (p = .164) | F(4161.74)= 2.18, p = .073 | |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .288) | F(4161.14)= 2.01, p = .095 | ||
| RF | - | n.s. (p = .959) | n.s. (p = .856) | ||
| AV cong | TP | F(4,60)= 6.09, p < .001 | n.s. (p = .286) | F(4135.78)= 4.66, p = .001 | |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .232) | n.s. (p = .259) | ||
| RF | - | n.s. (p = .907) | n.s. (p = .153) | ||
| Inco effect | TP | n.s. (p = .627) | n.s. (p = .200) | n.s. (p = .112) | |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .233) | F(4183.22)= 2.76, p = .029 | ||
| RF | - | n.s. (p = .162) | n.s. (p = .451) | ||
| mSTG | V | TP | n.s. (p = .413) | n.s. (p = .838) | n.s. (p = .951) |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .984) | n.s. (p = .316) | ||
| RF | - | n.s. (p = .346) | n.s. (p = .816) | ||
| A | TP | F(4,60)= 3.83, p = .008 | n.s. (p = .387) | n.s. (p = .490) | |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .851) | n.s. (p = .135) | ||
| RF | - | n.s. (p = .187) | F(1,82.69)= 3.90, p = .052 | ||
| AV cong | TP | F(4,60)= 5.18, p = .001 | n.s. (p = .281) | n.s. (p = .680) | |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .826) | n.s. (p = .544) | ||
| RF | - | F(1,14)= 4.18, p = .060 | F(1,81.86)= 4.23, p = .043 | ||
| Inco effect | TP | n.s. (p = .744) | n.s. (p = .225) | n.s. (p = .265) | |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .275) | F(4193.32)= 2.03, p = .092 | ||
| RF | - | n.s. (p = .584) | n.s. (p = .348) | ||
| pSTG | V | TP | n.s. (p = .192) | n.s. (p = .712) | F(4147.07)= 2.01, p = .097 |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .888) | n.s. (p = .115) | ||
| RF | - | n.s. (p = .489) | n.s. (p = .990) | ||
| A | TP | n.s. (p = .522) | n.s. (p = .540) | F(4145.19)= 3.08, p = .018 | |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .514) | F(4146.72)= 3.15, p = .016 | ||
| RF | - | F(1,14)= 6.02, p = .028 | n.s. (p = .177) | ||
| AV cong | TP | n.s. (p = .196) | n.s. (p = .685) | n.s. (p = .102) | |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .485) | F(4155.42)= 3.23, p = .014 | ||
| RF | - | n.s. (p = .182) | F(1101.82)= 4.35, p = .039 | ||
| Inco effect | TP | n.s. (p = .334) | n.s. (p = .800) | F(4191.41)= 2.37, p = .054 | |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .707) | F(4190.67)= 2.54, p = .042 | ||
| RF | - | n.s. (p = .410) | n.s. (p = .951) | ||
| IFG | V | TP | n.s. (p = .553) | n.s. (p = .712) | n.s. (p = .393) |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .814) | n.s. (p = .265) | ||
| RF | - | n.s. (p = .546) | n.s. (p = .372) | ||
| A | TP | n.s. (p = .681) | n.s. (p = .176) | F(4168.74)= 3.30, p = .012 | |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .223) | F(4168.31)= 2.35, p = .056 | ||
| RF | - | n.s. (p = .294) | n.s. (p = .335) | ||
| AV cong | TP | F(4,60)= 2.58, p = .047 | n.s. (p = .289) | n.s. (p = .115) | |
| TP*RF | - | n.s. (p = .661) | n.s. (p = .512) | ||
| RF | - | F(1,14)= 3.13, p = .098 | F(1,61.79)= 9.45, p = .003 | ||
| Inco effect | TP | F(4,60)= 2.11, p = .091 | F(4,56)= 3.57, p = .012 | F(4162.48)= 2.84, p = .026 | |
| TP*RF | - | F(4,56)= 3.10, p = .022 | n.s. (p = .103) | ||
| RF | - | n.s. (p = .776) | n.s. (p = .969) |
Notes. List of main effects and interactions for the different models: Longitudinal analyses without covariate (analyzed with an rmANOVA), longitudinal analyses with covariate reading fluency (analyzed with an rmANOVA) and mixed longitudinal/cross-sectional (analyzed with an LMM). Significant effects and interactions of p < .05 are printed in bold, trends are printed in regular font. Abbreviations: rmANOVA, repeated measures analysis of variance; LMM, linear mixed model; ROI, region of interest; cov, covariate; TP, time point; RF, reading fluency (log transformed percentile scores); vOTC, visual occipitotemporal cortex; mSTG, middle superior temporal gyrus; pSTG, posterior superior temporal gyrus; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; V, visual condition; A, auditory condition; AV cong, audiovisual congruent condition; inco effect, incongruency effect.