Table 3. Performance of the S2BI, BSTAD, and TAPS Screening Tools vs the WMH-CIDI-SAM for Identifying Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) in the Modified Intention-to-Treat Population.
| No. of true positive | No. of false positive | No. of true negative | No. of false negative | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) | Positive LR (95% CI) | Negative LR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S2BI | ||||||||||
| Risk level: SUDs (WMH-CIDI-SAM ≥2) | ||||||||||
| Tobacco/nicotine (cutoff: monthly or more) | 8 | 8 | 234 | 1 | 0.89 (0.52-1.00) | 0.97 (0.94-0.99) | 0.50 (0.25-0.75) | 1.00 (0.98-1.00) | 26.89 (13.09-55.21) | 0.11 (0.02-0.73) |
| Alcohol (cutoff: monthly or more) | 2 | 12 | 237 | 2 | 0.50 (0.07-0.93) | 0.95 (0.92-0.97) | 0.14 (0.02-0.43) | 0.99 (0.97-1.00) | 10.37 (3.37-31.95) | 0.53 (0.20-1.40) |
| Cannabis (cutoff: monthly or more) | 12 | 6 | 234 | 1 | 0.92 (0.64-1.00) | 0.98 (0.95-0.99) | 0.67 (0.41-0.87) | 1.00 (0.98-1.00) | 36.92 (16.50-82.63) | 0.08 (0.01-0.52) |
| BSTAD | ||||||||||
| Risk level: SUDs (WMH-CIDI-SAM ≥2) | ||||||||||
| Tobacco/nicotine (cutoff: ≥6 d) | 14 | 6 | 246 | 0 | 1.00 (0.77-1.00) | 0.98 (0.95-0.99) | 0.70 (0.46-0.88) | 1.00 (0.99-1.00) | 42.00 (19.05-92.60) | NAa |
| Alcohol (cutoff: ≥2 d) | 5 | 30 | 223 | 0 | 1.00 (0.48-1.00) | 0.88 (0.84-0.92) | 0.14 (0.05-0.30) | 1.00 (0.98-1.00) | 8.43 (6.03-11.80) | NAa |
| Cannabis (cutoff: ≥2 d) | 17 | 14 | 231 | 2 | 0.89 (0.67-0.99) | 0.94 (0.91-0.97) | 0.55 (0.36-0.73) | 0.99 (0.97-1.00) | 15.66 (9.20-26.64) | 0.11 (0.03-0.41) |
| TAPS | ||||||||||
| Risk level: SUDs (WMH-CIDI-SAM ≥2) | ||||||||||
| Tobacco/nicotine (cutoff: ≥2) | 5 | 0 | 256 | 3 | 0.63 (0.24-0.91) | 1.00 (0.99-1.00) | 1.00 (0.48-1.00) | 0.99 (0.97-1.00) | NAa | 0.38 (0.15-0.92) |
| Alcohol (cutoff: ≥2) | 7 | 17 | 242 | 2 | 0.78 (0.40-0.97) | 0.93 (0.90-0.96) | 0.29 (0.13-0.51) | 0.99 (0.97-1.00) | 11.85 (6.65-21.10) | 0.24 (0.07-0.81) |
| Cannabis (cutoff: ≥2) | 9 | 1 | 253 | 3 | 0.75 (0.43-0.95) | 1.00 (0.98-1.00) | 0.90 (0.55-1.00) | 0.99 (0.97-1.00) | 190.50 (26.22-1384.20) | 0.25 (0.09-0.67) |
Abbreviations: BSTAD, Brief Screener for Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs; LR, likelihood ratio; NA, not appliable; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; S2BI, Screening to Brief Intervention; TAPS, Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, and Other Substances; WMH-CIDI-SAM, World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview Substance Abuse Module.
a
Estimates and CIs not able to be calculated due to 0 counts or division by 0 are denoted with NA.