Table I.
Patient sample stratified by hospital and overall
| Hospital 1 | Hospital 2 | Hospital 3 | Hospital 4 | Overall | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (N = 6,440) | (N = 6,264) | (N = 6,469) | (N = 11,466) | (N = 30,639) | |
|
| |||||
| Age* | 57.0(16.5) | 55.1 (16.6) | 57.1 (16.9) | 53.4 (16.3) | 55.3 (16.6) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 3,199 (49.7%) | 3,793 (60.6%) | 3,807 (58.8%) | 6,390 (55.7%) | 17,189 (56.1%) |
| Male | 3,241 (50.3%) | 2,471 (39.4%) | 2,662 (41.2%) | 5,076 (44.3%) | 13,450 (43.9%) |
| Race | |||||
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 17 (0.3%) | 25 (0.4%) | 28 (0.4%) | 41 (0.4%) | 111 (0.4%) |
| Asian | 24 (0.4%) | 92 (1.5%) | 38 (0.6%) | 230 (2.0%) | 384 (1.3%) |
| Black or African American | 33 (0.5%) | 331 (5.3%) | 57 (0.9%) | 843 (7.4%) | 1,264 (4.1%) |
| Multiple race | 82 (1.3%) | 93 (1.5%) | 78 (1.2%) | 343 (3.0%) | 596 (1.9%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 8 (0.1%) | 18 (0.3%) | 8 (0.1%) | 19 (0.2%) | 53 (0.2%) |
| Null/unknown | 114(1.8%) | 158 (2.5%) | 83 (1.3%) | 282 (2.5%) | 637 (2.1%) |
| Other | 223 (3.5%) | 504 (8.0%) | 136 (2.1%) | 998 (8.7%) | 1,861 (6.1%) |
| White or Caucasian | 5,939 (92.2%) | 5,043 (80.5%) | 6,041 (93.4%) | 8,710 (76.0%) | 25,733 (84.0%) |
| Ethnicity Hispanic |
704 (10.9%) | 625 (10.0%) | 475 (7.3%) | 1,377 (12.0%) | 3,181 (10.4%) |
| Non-Hispanic | 5,628 (87.4%) | 5,398 (86.2%) | 5,904 (91.3%) | 9,807 (85.5%) | 26,737 (87.3%) |
| Patient refused | 41 (0.6%) | 49 (0.8%) | 41 (0.6%) | 53 (0.5%) | 184 (0.6%) |
| Unknown | 67 (1.0%) | 192 (3.1%) | 49 (0.8%) | 229 (2.0%) | 537 (1.8%) |
| Surgeon specialty General surgery | 2,055 (31.9%) | 1,630 (26.0%) | 1,859 (28.7%) | 2,932 (25.6%) | 8,476 (27.7%) |
| Gynecology | 408 (6.3%) | 1,113 (17.8%) | 722 (11.2%) | 1,078 (9.4%) | 3,321 (10.8%) |
| Neurosurgery | 549 (8.5%) | 409 (6.5%) | 313 (4.8%) | 1,036 (9.0%) | 2,307 (7.5%) |
| Orthopedics | 1,958 (30.4%) | 2,398 (38.3%) | 2,814 (43.5%) | 2,978 (26.0%) | 10,148 (33.1%) |
| Otolaryngology, Head and Neck | 94 (1.5%) | 194(3.1%) | 321 (5.0%) | 993 (8.7%) | 1,602 (5.2%) |
| Plastics | 79(1.2%) | 103 (1.6%) | 134 (2.1%) | 445 (3.9%) | 761 (2.5%) |
| Thoracic | 274 (4.3%) | 1 (0.0%) | 0(0%) | 540 (4.7%) | 815 (2.7%) |
| Urology | 943 (14.6%) | 232 (3.7%) | 306 (4.7%) | 1,128 (9.8%) | 2,609 (8.5%) |
| Vascular | 80(1.2%) | 184 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) | 336 (2.9%) | 600 (2.0%) |
| Infectious complications Overall infections | 371 (5.8%) | 419 (6.7%) | 253 (3.9%) | 1,075 (9.4%) | 2,118 (6.9%) |
| Surgical site infections | 170 (2.6%) | 185 (3.0%) | 135 (2.1%) | 579 (5.0%) | 1,069 (3.5%) |
| Urinary tract infections | 83 (1.3%) | 78 (1.2%) | 61 (0.9%) | 244 (2.1%) | 466 (1.5%) |
| Sepsis or septic shock | 126 (2.0%) | 208 (3.3%) | 82 (1.3%) | 352 (3.1%) | 768 (2.5%) |
| Pneumonia | 82 (1.3%) | 43 (0.7%) | 23 (0.4%) | 137 (1.2%) | 285 (0.9%) |
*
Mean (SD); otherwise, N (%).