Table 1. Reaction Scheme and Photocatalysts Employeda.
entry | base | solvent | concentration (M) | PC | yieldb (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | – | DMF | 0.1 | 11 | trace |
2 | NEt3 | DMF | 0.1 | 11 | 49 |
3 | TMG | DMF | 0.1 | 11 | 51 |
4 | Me-TBD | DMF | 0.1 | 11 | 58 |
5 | TBD | DMF | 0.1 | 11 | 71 |
6 | TBD | MeCN | 0.1 | 11 | 68 |
7 | TBD | MeCN | 0.05 | 11 | 73 |
8c | TBD | MeCN | 0.05 | 11 | 76 |
9 | TBD | MeCN | 0.05 | – | trace |
10c,d | TBD | MeCN | 0.05 | 11 | – |
11c | TBD | MeCN | 0.05 | 12 | 73 |
12c | TBD | MeCN | 0.05 | 13 | 71 |
E*ox and E*red refer to the potentials of the PC•+/PC* and PC*/PC•– couples, respectively;24 potentials are reported vs Fc+/Fc (for comparison with literature data: E vs Fc+/Fc = E vs SCE – 0.37 V). The BDFE values are calculated according to eq 1 (vide infra). Optimization of reaction parameters: General conditions are 0.1 mmol of 4a, 1 atm. of CO2, 1 mL of solvent.
Yields are given by 1H NMR analysis with dibromomethane as internal standard.
2 mol % of 11 was used.
No light irradiation.