Table 3.
The responses of students’ demographics in correlation with DASS21 scores (t-test).
| Mean (±Standard Deviation) | Stress | Anxiety | Depression | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age range | 18–25 | 8.19 (±5.42) | 5.05 (±4.80) | 7.18 (±5.83) |
| ≥26 | 6.88 (±5.46) | 3.76 (±4.66) | 5.48 (±5.79) | |
| t-test (95% CI) | 1.31 (0.66 to 1.95) ** | 1.30 (0.73 to 1.87) ** | 1.71 (1.02 to 2.40) ** | |
| Gender | Male | 6.47 (±5.28) | 3.70 (±4.29) | 5.91 (±5.65) |
| Female | 8.57 (±5.41) | 5.25 (±4.95) | 7.19 (±5.91) | |
| t-test (95% CI) | 2.10 (1.52 to 2.68) ** | 1.55 (1.04 to 2.06) ** | 1.28 (0.65 to 1.91) ** | |
| Marital status | Unmarried | 5.90 (±5.15) | 2.80 (±3.93) | 3.96 (±4.71) |
| Other | 8.07 (±5.45) | 4.93 (±4.84) | 7.05 (±5.89) | |
| t-test (95% CI) | 2.17 (1.20 to 3.13) ** | 2.13 (1.28 to 2.97) ** | 3.10 (2.07 to 4.13) ** | |
| Cohabitation status | Alone | 8.18 (±5.48) | 4.99 (±4.77) | 7.14 (±6.00) |
| Not Alone | 7.74 (±5.45) | 4.62 (±4.81) | 6.61 (±5.80) | |
| t-test (95% CI) | 0.43 (−0.17 to 1.04) | 0.37 (−0.16 to 0.90) | 0.52 (−0.12 to 1.17) | |
| Vaccinated | Yes | 8.12 (±5.49) | 4.89 (±4.86) | 6.96 (±5.95) |
| No | 6.65 (±5.17) | 3.99 (±4.43) | 5.82 (±5.29) | |
| t-test (95% CI) | 1.47 (0.73 to 2.21) * | 0.90 (0.24 to 1.55) * | 1.14 (0.35 to 1.94) * | |
| Students | BSc/MD | 7.99 (±5.42) | 4.92 (±4.81) | 6.93 (±5.83) |
| MSc/PhD | 7.63 (±5.57) | 4.24 (±4.76) | 6.37 (±5.92) | |
| t-test (95% CI) | 0.36 (−0.28 to 1.00) | 0.68 (0.12 to 1.24) * | 0.56 (−0.12 to 1.24) | |
| Worry/Fear for impending lockdown | Much/Very Much | 9.65 (±6.00) | 6.67 (±5.67) | 8.39 (±6.52) |
| Not at all/A Little | 7.22 (±5.22) | 4.24(±4.42) | 6.36 (±5.62) | |
| t-test (95% CI) | 2.23 (1.55 to 2.91) ** | 2.43 (1.84 to 3.02) * | 2.03 (1.29 to 2.76) | |
| Previous psychological or psychiatric treatment | Yes | 10.21 (±5.67) | 6.73 (±5.32) | 9.22 (±6.34) |
| No | 7.17 (±5.19) | 4.13 (±4.46) | 6.03 (±5.50) | |
| t-test (95% CI) | 3.04 (2.40 to 3.68) ** | 2.60 (2.04 to 3.16) ** | 3.19 (2.50 to 3.87) ** | |
| Current psychological or psychiatric treatment | Yes | 11.63 (±5.64) | 7.88 (±5.59) | 10.82 (±6.59) |
| No | 7.39 (±5.25) | 4.33 (±4.54) | 6.25 (±5.56) | |
| t-test (95% CI) | 4.23 (3.39 to 5.08) ** | 3.55 (2.80 to 4.30) ** | 4.57 (3.66 to 5.48) ** | |
| Current intake of psychoactive medication | Yes | 13.37 (±5.04) | 9.95 (±5.54) | 13.84 (±5.92) |
| No | 7.66 (±5.37) | 4.74 (±4.80) | 6.77 (±5.82) | |
| t-test (95% CI) | 5.71 (4.29 to 7.13) ** | 5.42 (4.17 to 6.66) ** | 7.35 (5.84 to 8.86) ** | |
Statistical significance levels: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001. CI: confidence interval, t-test.