Table 2.
Clinical and cerebrospinal fluid characterization of special outpatient cohort.
| Parameter | A Complete Cohort (n = 32) | B Cohort with AD (n = 6) | C Cohort with Dementia (n = 14) | D Cohort with MCI (n = 7) | E Cohort with Psychotic Disorders (n = 6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic Demographic Data | |||||
| Age in years | 59.4 ± 19 | 79.0 ± 6.2 | 73.1 ± 10.8 #,+ | 60.7 ± 6.8 #,$ | 42.8 ± 11.2 $,+ |
| Duration of symptoms in years | 2.8 ± 3.2 | 1.9 ± 0.74 | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 4.7 ± 6.0 | 1.6 ± 0.9 |
| Gender female/all patients | 17/32 (53%) | 3/6 (50%) | 8/14 (57%) | 5/7 (71%) | 3/6 (50%) |
| Comorbid Diseases | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 4/32 (12.5%) | 1/6 (17%) | 3/14 (28%) | 1/7 (14%) | 0/6 (0%) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 13/32 (41%) | 4/6 (67%) | 8/14 (57%) | 3/7 (21%) | 1/6 (17%) |
| Lung disease | 1/32 (3%) | 0/6 (0%) | 1/14 (7%) | 0/7 (0%) | 0/6 (0%) |
| Rheumatologic disease | 0/32 (0%) | 0/6 (0%) | 0/14 (0%) | 0/7 (0%) | 0/6 (0%) |
| CSF | |||||
| Cell count (<5 µL) | 3.2 ± 8.4 | 0.5 ± 0.83 | 0.9 ± 1.6 | 3.6 ± 8.5 | 9.3 ± 16.6 |
| Lymphocytes % | 80.5 ± 34 | 70.5 ± 37.83 | 77.0 ± 37.4 # | 88.0 ± 33.8 # | 79.4 ± 34.9 |
| Monocytes % | 16.2 ± 11.5 | 23.0 ± 13.8 | 19.1 ± 11.7 # | 10.5 ± 6.5 # | 16.4 ± 15.3 |
| Total protein content mg/L | 412. 3 ± 157.8 | 392.5 ± 91.6 | 433.2 ± 161.0 | 416.3 ± 169.8 | 329.2 ± 132.0 |
| Albumin content mg/L | 289.8 ± 122.1 | 270.8 ± 72.1 | 299.5 ± 118.5 | 296.1 ± 141.8 | 224.2 ± 95.8 |
| IgG mg/L | 36.1 ± 26.8 | 28.6 ± 6.6 | 32.4 ± 13.7 | 39.5 ± 24.0 | 42.2 ± 54.8 |
| IgA mg/L | 4.1 ± 2.8 | 5.6 ± 3.6 | 4.9 ± 2.9 + | 4.2 ± 3.6 | 2.3 ± 1.6 + |
| IgM mg/L | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.22 # | 0.6 ± 0.4 # | 0.8 ± 1.1 |
| Ratio CSF/serum albumin | 6.8 ± 2.9 | 6.4 ± 1.6 | 7.1 ± 2.75 | 6.7 ± 2.8 | 5.3 ± 2.4 |
| Ratio CSF/serum IgG | 3.7 ± 2.5 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 1.43 | 3.5 ± 1.9 | 4.4 ± 5.2 |
| Ratio CSF/serum IgA | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.74 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 1.3 ± 0.9 |
| Ratio CSF/serum IgM | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.29 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 1.4 |
| Intrathecal IgG synthesis | 4/32 | 1/6 | 2/14 | 0/7 | 1/6 |
| Blood–brain barrier disturbances | 7/32 | 0/6 | 2/14 | 1/7 | 1/6 |
| Tau protein (>450 pg/mL) | 254.2 ± 159.8 | 403.2 ± 181.9 * | 333.8 ± 163.1 #,+ | 184.1 ± 108.6 # | 110.3 ± 6 7.2 *,+ |
| P-tau181 (>61 pg/mL) | 56.2 ± 35.5 | 85 ± 48.9 * | 71.5 ± 37.1 | 47.6 ± 25.6 $ | 21.3 ± 13.6 *,+,$ |
| Aß42 (<450 pg/mL) | 1121.5 ± 610.3 | 652.4 ± 279.0 | 992.4 ± 529.4 #,+ | 1321.5 ± 528.4 # | 1000.6 ± 564.1 |
| Aß40 pg/ml | 11,366.7 ± 6083.8 | 10,434.0 ± 7022.9 | 11,282.5 ± 5528 | 12,791.0 ± 6134.8 | 8713.3 ± 4937.4 |
| Ratio Aß42/40 × 10 (<0.5) | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.3 * | 1.2 ± 1.17 | 1.1 ± 0.53 | 1.2 ± 0.6 * |
| NSE (>30 ng/mL) | 21.8 ± 11.2 | 25.4 ± 13.5 | 22.5 ± 13.0 | 18.6 ± 10.5 | . |
| S100B (>2.7 µg/L) | 3.8 ± 2.4 | 3.48 ± 2.2 | 2.8 ± 1.95 | 2 ± 1.16 | . |
Abbreviations: * p < 0.05 B vs. E Mann–Whitney U-test, # p < 0.05 C vs. D Mann–Whitney U-test, + p < 0.05 C vs. E Mann–Whitney U-test, $ p < 0.05 D vs. E Mann–Whitney U-test. AD = Alzheimer´s disease, amyloid-ß 40 = Aß40, amyloid-ß 42 = Aß42, CSF = cerebrospinal fluid, IgA = immunoglobulin A, IgG = immunoglobulin G, IgM = immunoglobulin M, MCI = mild cognitive impairment, NSE = neuron-specific enolase, ratio amyloid Aß42/40 = ratio amyloid Aß42/40. Values are expressed as means.