Table 2.
Detailed information and characteristics of included studies.
| Studies | Country | Mean Age (Y) | Female/ Male |
Sample Size (n) | Duration (Y) | Intervention | Outcomes | Follow-Up | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBOT | con | HBOT | con | HBOT | con | HBOT | con | HBOT | con | ||||
| Efrati 2015 [19] | Israel | 50.4 ± 10.9 | 48.1 ± 11.1 | NA | NA | 24 | 26 | 6.75 ± 5.9 | 6.2 ± 5.1 | hyperbaric oxygen therapy at 2.0 ATA. 40 daily sessions, 5 days/week, 90 min each. |
no treatment | TPC (of 18),Pain threshold, FIQ, SF-36 | 2M |
| Hadanny 2018 [24] | Israel | 48.3 ± 10.6 | 43.1 ± 10.6 | 30 | 0 | 15 | 15 | NA | NA | hyperbaric oxygen therapy at 2.0 ATA and psychological therapy. 60 daily sessions, 5 days a week. 90 min each. |
psychological therapy | WPI, TPC (of 18), FIQ, SF-36 | 3M |
| Yildiz 2004 [12] | Turkey | 40.46 ± 4.79 | 39.88 ± 4.71 | 35 | 15 | 26 | 24 | 4 ± 1.1 | hyperbaric oxygen therapy at 2.4 ATA. 15 sessions, one session per day for 5 days of the week, 90 min each. |
breathed air at 1 ATA for 90 min |
TPC, 6MWT, VAS, Pressure pain threshold | 3W | |
| Izquierdo-Alventosa 2020 [25] | Spain | NA | NA | 33 | 0 | 17 | 16 | NA | NA | hyperbaric oxygen therapy at 1.45 ATA. 40 sessions, five sessions per week, 90 min each. |
usual medication | VAS, pressure pain threshold | 10W |
HBOT = Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, con = control, NA = not available, Y = years, M = months, W = weeks, ATA = atmosphere absolute, WPI = Widespread pain index, FIQ = Fibromyalgia functional impairment, 6MWT = Fatigue following the completion of the 6-min walking test, VAS = visual analog scale.