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. 2023 May 9;14:1114424. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1114424

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Copyright © 2023 Wu, Yang, Fan, Wei and Xiong

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Role and mechanism of tryptophan metabolic pathway associated with T2DM. This figure depicts the conversion of tryptophan through the action of the gut microbiota, the products of which are involved in T2DM. ILA, indole-3-lactate; IPA, Indole 3-propionic acid;ILDH, indole-3-lactate dehydrogenase;ArAT Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase, IAld, indole-3-acetaldehyde; AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1.