Table 4.

Potential peptide-based therapeutic efficacy in preclinical platforms

Potential peptide therapeutic	Target SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)	Sequence	Platform	Result
EK1	HR1 domain of CoV S protein (MFM)	SLDQINVTFLDLEYEMKLE EAIKLEESYIDLKEL	Preclinical in vivo models	100% prophylactic and 80% therapeutic effective in mouse model of HCoV-OC43 (survival analysis)
EK1C4 (lipopeptide)	HR1 domain of CoV S protein (MFM)	(N) EK1-GSGSG-PEG4-(Chol)	Preclinical in vitro and in vivo models	100% prophylactic and 16.7–100% therapeutic effect in HCoV-OC43 infection mouse model
IPB02	HR1 domain of CoV S protein (MFM)	ISGINASVVNIQKEIDRLNE VAKNLNESLIDLQELK (Chol)	Preclinical in vitro models	IPB02 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated cell–cell fusion and pseudovirus transduction with high potency
SBP1 (peptidase domain of ACE2)	S protein-RBD	IEEQAKTFLDKFNHE AEDLFYQS	Preclinical in vitro models	SBP1 interacts with insect-derived SARS-CoV-2-RBD protein obtained from Sino Biologicals with micromolar affinity, according to BLI

ACE=Angiotensin-converting enzyme, HR=Heptad repeat, RBD=Receptor-binding domain, BLI=Bio-layer interferometry, SARS-CoV-2=Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, EK1, IPB02, SBP1, MFM, GSGSG, PEG4, HCoV-OC43