Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with T2D according to DR status.
| Totala | DRb | No-DRc | P valued | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1032 | 162 | 870 | |
| Age, years | 57 (14) | 58 (10) | 57 (14) | .491 |
| Sex, male | 549 (53.2%) | 73 (45.1%) | 476 (54.7%) | .030 |
| Duration of T2D, years | 5 (0-10) | 13 (6-20) | 4 (0-10) | <.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.3 (3.9) | 25.1 (3.3) | 25.3 (4.0) | .368 |
| ~18.5 | 27 (2.6%) | 1 (0.6%) | 26 (3.0%) | .162 |
| 18.5 ~ 23.9 | 352 (34.1%) | 64 (39.5%) | 288 (33.1%) | |
| 24.0 ~ 27.9 | 430 (41.7%) | 66 (40.7%) | 364 (41.8%) | |
| 28.0 ~ | 223 (21.6%) | 31 (19.1%) | 192 (22.1%) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 145.6 (25.2) | 139.5 (23.6) | .004 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 82.0 (73.3-90.0) | 81.0 (74.0-90.0) | .647 | |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin, % | 9.5 (7.4-11.0) | 9.6 (7.8-11.1) | .380 | |
| <7 | 15 (15.8%) | 62 (11.6%) | .323 | |
| ≥7 | 80 (84.2%) | 474 (88.4%) | ||
| Missing | 67 | 334 | ||
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.72 (1.14-2.46) | 1.66 (1.11-2.37) | .544 | |
| <1.70 | 46 (48.9%) | 337 (51.8%) | .676 | |
| ≥1.70 | 48 (51.1%) | 313 (48.2%) | ||
| Missing | 68 | 220 | ||
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.04 (0.87-1.31) | 1.01 (0.85-1.25) | .254 | |
| <1.00 in men or <1.30 in women | 57 (60.6%) | 429 (66.3%) | .335 | |
| ≥1.00 in men or ≥1.30 in women | 37 (39.4%) | 218 (33.7%) | ||
| Missing | 68 | 223 | ||
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.83 (2.27-3.36) | 2.78 (2.20-3.38) | .583 | |
| <2.60 | 269 (41.6%) | 38 (40.4%) | .921 | |
| ≥2.60 | 378 (58.4%) | 56 (59.6%) | ||
| Missing | 68 | 223 | ||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.84 (4.00-5.66) | 4.63 (3.83-5.27) | .043 | |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 56.65 (48.77-72.49) | 60.22 (49.39-74.49) | .314 | |
| Current smoking | 42 (25.9%) | 289 (33.2%) | .083 | |
| Current drinking | 42 (25.9%) | 248 (28.5%) | .565 | |
| Antidiabetic agents | 137 (84.6%) | 730 (83.9%) | .925 | |
| Lipid-lowering agents | 63 (38.9%) | 325 (37.4%) | .778 | |
| Hypotensive agents | 86 (53.1%) | 457 (52.5%) | .964 |
Notes: data are mean (standard deviation), median (IQR), or n (%). aAll subjects were analyzed for age, sex, duration of type 2 diabetes, body mass index, and body mass index categories. bType 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy. cType 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy. dP values were derived from independent sample Student's t-test for normally distributed variables, Mann–Whitney U test for skewed distributions, and Chi-square test (or Fisher's test if appropriate) for categorical variables. P < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Abbreviations: T2D: type 2 diabetes; DR: diabetic retinopathy.