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. 2023 May 3;9(5):e15946. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15946

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Characterization of EVs derived from QUANT-MSCs, HYPER-MSCs, and P4-MSCs. (A) TEM observation of EV morphology, showing a heterogeneous population of vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles with different sizes and shapes (red arrow). EV/QUANT-MSCs and EV/HYPER-MSCs exhibit similar morphology. (B) Higher total protein levels in EV/QUANT-MSCs and EV/HYPER-MSCs compared to EV/P4-MSCs, indicating greater EV release by QUANT-MSCs and HYPER-MSCs. (C) Luminex assay (heat map) results showing no production of Th9, Th17, Th22, T regulatory cell-related cytokines, or inflammatory cytokines in EV/QUANT-MSCs, EV/HYPER-MSCs, or EV/P4-MSCs. (D) Significantly higher IL-8 levels in EV/QUANT-MSCs compared to EV/HYPER-MSCs. (E) Higher TNF-α levels in EV/HYPER-MSCs than in EV/QUANT-MSCs. (F, H, I) Higher levels of Th1/Th2-related cytokines (IL-8), chemokines (MCP-1), and growth factors (FGF-2 and HGF) in EV/QUANT-MSCs and EV/HYPER-MSCs compared to EV/P4-MSCs. (G) Higher RANTES levels in EV/QUANT-MSCs compared to EV/HYPER-MSCs, although not statistically significant. Overall, EV/QUANT-MSCs produce higher levels of growth factors, chemokines, and Th1/Th2 cytokines than EV/HYPER-MSCs. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)