. 2023 May 3;9(5):e15900. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15900

Table 9.

Proposed treatments for the management of liquid chemical waste at the point of generation.

Waste group	Chemical waste	Proposed process	Recommended products
Organic	Type 20: Aliphatic Alcohols Type 21: Aldehydes and aliphatic ketones	Thermal utilization	N/A
Acids Inorganic and organic	Type 36: Sulfuric Acid	Inorganic base neutralization	Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)
	Type 37: Hydrochloric acid		Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)
	Type 38: Nitric Acid		Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)
	Type 38: Nitric Acid		Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)
	Type 22: Aliphatic carboxylic acids		Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)
Bases and their solutions Inorganic	Type 40: Sodium Hydroxide	Neutralization with a dilute solution	Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Bases and their solutions Inorganic	Type 41: Potassium Hydroxide	Neutralization with a dilute solution	Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
Halogenated solvents Organic	Type 16: Hydrocarbons (methylene blue)	Thermal utilization	N/A
	Type 23: Alpha esters: sodium acetate and propanolate	Thermal utilization	N/A
	Type 25: Amines and aliphatic amides: Butylamine	Neutralize	Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)
	Type 44: Halogenated salts (Iodine)	REDOX	Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)
Metals Heavy	Type 48: Copper (Cu)	Reducing agent precipitation	Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄)