Table 6.
National formal rules on forest rights under the FMU and Village Forest.
| Attribute | FMU (Representing forest rights for Long Duhung and Merapun Villages) | Village Forest (Representing forest rights for Merabu Village) |
|---|---|---|
| A. Forest ownership and forest function | ||
| Forest ownership | State | State |
| Forest function | Conservation, protection, and production forests. | Protection and production forests. |
| B. Bundle of right-on forest | ||
| Access rights | A community can access the forest. The community should get compensation for losing access because of forest area determination. | Access rights are included within management/withdrawal rights. |
| Withdrawal rights | - The community should get tangible and intangible benefits. A community should get compensation for losing their access and benefits from the forest because of forest area determination. | - Protection forest: non-timber forest products and environmental services. - Production forest: timber, non-timber forest products, and environmental services. |
| - Local people can collect non-timber forest products (from protection and production forests) and timber (from production forests for non-commercial use only). | ||
| - FMU should utilize timber and non-timber forest products as well as environmental services. | ||
| - A private company can utilize forest products by permit mechanism. | ||
| Management rights | - The central government transfers some forest management authorities to the local government. | - The village should establish a Village Forest institution to conduct forest management activities within the Village Forest area. - Village Forest Management Rights include forest arrangement, planning, utilization, rehabilitation, and protection. |
| - Forest areas can be managed by FMU, private, cooperative, individual, government, and local government firms through concession permit mechanisms. | ||
| - Scope of forest management: inventory (biophysics and socio-economics), forest arrangement and forest planning, rehabilitation, community empowerment, investment development, and program coordination and integration. | ||
| Alteration rights | Not stated | The rights holder is prohibited from: |
| - Developing oil palm plantations. | ||
| - Changing the forest's status and function can be used for other purposes. | ||
| Exclusion rights | FMU is responsible for protecting the forest area. The concession permit holder is responsible for protecting their concession area. | The right holder is responsible for protecting their Village Forest area and its function from destruction and environmental pollution. |
| Alienation rights | FMU does not have alienation rights. Another party can take a concession permit with the government's approval. | Another party cannot take over Village Forest Management Rights. |