Table 8.
Maturity levels for AM knowledge use on universities and Fab spaces.
Business Model | Maturity level |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1: Emerging | 2: Pacing | 3: Hybrid | 4: Partial replacement of CM | 5: Disruptive | |
Universities and Fab Spaces/Labs (knowledge dissemination perspective) | Users and entrepreneurs learn how to use AM technologies | Knowledge dissemination and integration in business activities (Universities) [63] | Integration of research results directly in industry peers (Universities labs transfer knowledge directly to industry) [68] | Integration of research results directly in industry peers (Universities labs transfer knowledge directly to industry) [68] | Universities become hubs, partners or incubators [63] |
Universities and Fab Spaces/Labs (production perspective) | Users and entrepreneurs use AM for their own benefit | Entrepreneurs have access to fab spaces innovation and production capabilities [68] | Consumers and firms purchase highly customized parts from Fab Spaces |