Figure 4.

Heatmap of amino acid concentrations by severe malaria complication and outcome. Amino acid concentrations were standardized for the cohort to have a mean of zero and standard deviation of 1 so the relative differences in amino acids could be compared. Within each complication (A) and outcome (B), relationships significant by Student t test with a P < .0025 are indicated with *** in the column where the complication or outcome is present. The presence of a complication or outcome is indicated as − or + with the numbers in each group indicated. Amino acid levels lower than the population mean are indicated in blue and amino acid levels higher than the mean are represented in red. Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CKD, chronic kidney disease.