Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Variable | Overall (n = 662) | Presence of Coronary Calcium | Presence of Coronary Plaque | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 431) | Yes (n = 231) | No (n = 341) | Yes (n = 321) | ||
| Demographic and behavioral characteristics | |||||
| Age, y | 50.8 ± 5.8 | 49.8 ± 5.5 | 52.6 ± 5.8 | 49.6 ± 5.5 | 52.0 ± 5.8 |
| Natal sex | |||||
| Female | 115 (17) | 88 (20) | 27 (12) | 78 (23) | 37 (12) |
| Male | 547 (83) | 343 (80) | 204 (88) | 263 (77) | 284 (88) |
| Race | |||||
| Asian | 8 (1.2) | 5 (1.2) | 3 (1.3) | 5 (1.5) | 3 (0.9) |
| Black or African American | 233 (35) | 166 (39) | 67 (29) | 141 (41) | 92 (29) |
| White | 354 (53) | 214 (50) | 140 (61) | 159 (47) | 195 (61) |
| Other | 67 (10) | 46 (11) | 21 (9.1) | 36 (11) | 31 (9.7) |
| Ethnicity (n = 653) | |||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 163 (25) | 117 (28) | 46 (20) | 85 (25) | 78 (25) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 490 (75) | 307 (72) | 183 (80) | 251 (75) | 239 (75) |
| Smoking status (n = 661) | |||||
| Current | 158 (24) | 100 (23) | 58 (25) | 81 (24) | 77 (24) |
| Former | 211 (32) | 131 (30) | 80 (35) | 99 (29) | 112 (35) |
| Never | 292 (44) | 200 (46) | 92 (40) | 161 (47) | 131 (41) |
| Cardiovascular and metabolic characteristics | |||||
| ASCVD, % | 4.9 ± 3.1 | 4.4 ± 2.9 | 5.8 ± 3.3 | 4.3 ± 2.9 | 5.6 ± 3.2 |
| ASCVD risk group | |||||
| 0–2.5 | 156 (24) | 120 (28) | 36 (16) | 107 (31) | 49 (15) |
| 2.5–5 | 224 (34) | 154 (36) | 70 (30) | 116 (34) | 108 (34) |
| 5–7.5 | 154 (23) | 91 (21) | 63 (27) | 70 (21) | 84 (26) |
| 7.5–10 | 88 (13) | 47 (11) | 41 (18) | 32 (9.4) | 56 (17) |
| >10 | 40 (6.0) | 19 (4.4) | 21 (9.1) | 16 (4.7) | 24 (7.5) |
| Family history of premature CVD | 145 (23) | 90 (21) | 55 (25) | 65 (20) | 80 (26) |
| Hypertension | 213 (32) | 127 (29) | 86 (37) | 100 (29) | 113 (35) |
| Diabetes | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.9) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.3 ± 4.3 | 27.4 ± 4.5 | 27.3 ± 4.1 | 27.4 ± 4.5 | 27.3 ± 4.2 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 92.9 ± 12.5 | 92.3 ± 12.1 | 94.0 ± 13.2 | 91.7 ± 11.0 | 94.1 ± 13.8 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 88.4 ± 16.3 | 88.7 ± 16.5 | 87.6 ± 15.8 | 89.3 ± 16.5 | 87.3 ± 15.9 |
| LDL-C, mg/mL | 108.3 ± 30.5 | 106.8 ± 30.3 | 111.0 ± 30.8 | 104.1 ± 29.4 | 112.6 ± 31.1 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 50.9 ± 18.7 | 50.6 ± 18.5 | 51.3 ± 19.0 | 51.7 ± 19.3 | 49.9 ± 17.9 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 133.6 ± 85.2 | 135.0 ± 86.0 | 131.2 ± 83.7 | 133.1 ± 88.9 | 134.2 ± 81.1 |
| Prior statin use | 53 (8.0) | 28 (6.5) | 25 (11) | 17 (5.0) | 36 (11) |
| Prior antihypertensive medication | 133 (20) | 76 (18) | 57 (25) | 61 (18) | 72 (22) |
| HIV-related health history | |||||
| Total ART use, y | 11.6 ± 6.5 | 11.1 ± 6.4 | 12.6 ± 6.7 | 11.0 ± 6.4 | 12.2 ± 6.6 |
| Entry ART regimen | |||||
| NRTI + INSTI | 293 (44) | 187 (43) | 106 (46) | 147 (43) | 146 (45) |
| NRTI + NNRTI | 167 (25) | 111 (26) | 56 (24) | 90 (26) | 77 (24) |
| NRTI + PI | 118 (18) | 80 (19) | 38 (16) | 64 (19) | 54 (17) |
| NRTI-sparing | 20 (3.0) | 11 (2.6) | 9 (3.9) | 9 (2.6) | 11 (3.4) |
| Other NRTI-containing | 64 (9.7) | 42 (9.7) | 22 (9.5) | 31 (9.1) | 33 (10) |
| HIV RNA, copies/mL, (n = 654) | |||||
| <LLQ | 573 (88) | 374 (88) | 199 (88) | 291 (86) | 282 (89) |
| LLQ–400 | 65 (9.9) | 39 (9.1) | 26 (11) | 33 (9.8) | 32 (10) |
| 400+ | 16 (2.4) | 14 (3.3) | 2 (0.9) | 13 (3.9) | 3 (0.9) |
| CD4 category, cells/mm3 | 624.2 ± 275.1 | 642.4 ± 274.4 | 590.3 ± 273.8 | 635.2 ± 266.1 | 612.6 ± 284.3 |
| Nadir CD4 category, cells/mm3 (n = 646) | |||||
| <50 | 146 (23) | 84 (20) | 62 (27) | 64 (19) | 82 (26) |
| 50–199 | 192 (30) | 127 (30) | 65 (29) | 102 (31) | 90 (28) |
| 200–349 | 180 (28) | 116 (28) | 64 (28) | 95 (29) | 85 (27) |
| 350+ | 128 (20) | 92 (22) | 36 (16) | 69 (21) | 59 (19) |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviations, or as frequencies (percentages). Percentages are presented considering the proportion of available data presented in parenthesis for parameters with missing values.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LLQ, lower limit of quantification; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.