Table 1:
Patient characteristics | Control cases (n=106) |
Hybrid OR cases (n=186) |
p |
---|---|---|---|
| |||
Age | 40 [26–52] | 41 [27–61] | 0.176 |
Female | 22 (21%) | 52 (28%) | 0.208 |
Injury Severity Score | 18 [13–27] | 22 [13–29] | 0.187 |
Blunt injury | 63 (59%) | 119 (64%) | 0.454 |
Penetrating injury | 43 (41%) | 67 (36%) | 0.454 |
Traumatic arrest in field or EDa | 1 (1%) | 7 (4%) | 0.266 |
Intubated in field or ED | 37 (35%) | 66 (35%) | >0.999 |
Glasgow Coma Scale | 15 [3–15] | 15 [7–15] | 0.662 |
Best eye opening response | 4 [1–4] | 4 [1–4] | 0.230 |
Best verbal response | 5 [1–5] | 5 [1–5] | 0.689 |
Best motor response | 6 [1–6] | 6 [4–6] | 0.474 |
Heart rate | 107 [90–124] | 110 [93–128] | 0.464 |
Respiratory Rate | 18 [15–22] | 20 [17–24] | 0.008 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 95 [84–111] | 95 [86–109] | 0.886 |
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 70 [61–82] | 71 [61–83] | 0.990 |
FAST performed | 80 (75%) | 154 (83%) | 0.169 |
FAST negative | 40 (38%) | 73 (39%) | 0.804 |
FAST equivocal | 5 (5%) | 10 (5%) | >0.999 |
FAST positive | 35 (33%) | 71 (38%) | 0.448 |
Temperature (Celsius) | 36.3 [35.3–36.8] | 36.3 [35.7–36.7] | 0.513 |
pH | 7.29 [7.21–7.35] | 7.28 [7.19–7.34] | 0.230 |
Lactic acid (mmol/L) | 3.1 [2.0–4.7] | 3.4 [1.9–5.4] | 0.666 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.1 [10.0–13.0] | 10.2 [9.0–11.7] | 0.001 |
International Normalized Ratio | 1.3 [1.1–1.4] | 1.2 [1.1–1.3] | 0.087 |
Normal TEG | 56 (53%) | 128 (69%) | 0.008 |
Insurance | |||
Medicaid | 8 (7.5) | 14 (7.5) | >0.999 |
Medicare | 28 (26.4) | 56 (30.1) | 0.591 |
Non-CMS Government | 7 (6.6) | 6 (3.2) | 0.238 |
Private | 16 (15.1) | 32 (17.2) | 0.743 |
None | 47 (44.3) | 78 (41.9) | 0.713 |
These cases are traumatic arrests following penetrating trauma, as blunt traumatic arrests were excluded. ED: emergency department, FAST: focused assessment with sonography for trauma, TEG: thromboelastography. Data are presented as n (%) or median [interquartile range].