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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2023 Apr 28;14(3):333–340. doi: 10.1017/S2040174423000089

Table 4:

Relationship between being born preterm and odds of self-reported prevalent type 2 diabetes among postmenopausal women in the WHI at baseline, stratified by self-reported race/ethnicity

Race Ethnicity
Asian OR (95% CI) Black OR (95% CI) White OR (95% CI) Hispanic/Spanish/Latinx OR (95% CI) Not Hispanic/Spanish/Latinx OR (95% CI)
N (T2D cases) 1,883 (76) 8,153 (404) 72,350 (2,688) 3,940 (185) 80,852 (3,106)
Type 2 Diabetes
 Unadjusted (cases=3,266) 0.60 (0.08, 4.50) 1.40 (0.79, 2.47) 1.58 (1.28, 1.95) 2.08 (1.03, 4.20) 1.50 (1.22, 1.83)
 Adj for Birthweight (T2D cases=2,871) 0.78 (0.10, 6.35) 1.01 (0.53, 1.93) 1.18 (0.94, 1.49) 1.61 (0.69, 3.77) 1.12 (0.89, 1.39)
 Adj for Demographics (T2D cases=2,132) 0.75 (0.09, 6.00) 1.73 (0.91, 3.29) 1.85 (1.47, 2.33) 2.77 (1.05, 7.34) 1.75 (1.40, 2.18)
 Adj for Demographics & Birthweight (T2D cases=1,899) 0.80 (0.09, 7.19) 1.28 (0.61, 2.66) 1.44 (1.11, 1.86) 1.55 (0.47, 5.08) 1.34 (1.05, 1.71)
 Adj for Demographics & Lifestyle Factors (T2D cases=2,063) 0.85 (0.10, 6.89) 1.82 (0.92, 3.60) 1.87 (1.47, 2.37) 2.31 (0.81, 6.56) 1.79 (1.42, 2.24)
 Adj for Demographics & Lifestyle Factors & Birthweight (T2D cases=1,839) 0.87 (0.09, 8.48) 1.40 (0.64, 3.07) 1.44 (1.10, 1.88) 1.22 (0.35, 4.23) 1.37 (1.03, 1.82)

Referent group for each analytical model is full term births. Due to small sample sizes, we were unable to consider other self-identified race categories in the stratified analyses, which include: Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and multi-racial. Demographic factors include age, normalized socioeconomic status, education, region, and family history of diabetes. Lifestyle factors include BMI, smoking status, and alcohol use.