Table 3.
Associations between change in TC and risk of CHD and stroke subtypes.
| TC level before T2D diagnosis (mg/dL) | Low (< 180 mg/dL) | Middle (180–240 mg/dL) | High (≥ 240 mg/dL) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TC level after T2D diagnosis (mg/dL) | Low | Middle | High | Low | Middle | High | Low | Middle | High |
| Number of subjects (N) | 3681 | 1815 | 148 | 4367 | 7663 | 1245 | 1093 | 2395 | 1415 |
| CHD subtypes | |||||||||
| Angina (I20) | |||||||||
| Number of cases (n) | 104 | 61 | 7 | 129 | 258 | 55 | 27 | 75 | 72 |
| aHR | 1 | 1.15 | 1.59 | 0.92 | 1 | 1.15 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 1 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 0.84–1.59 | 0.73–3.46 | 0.74–1.14 | Reference | 0.85–1.55 | 0.40–0.99 | 0.45–0.87 | Reference |
| Chronic IHD (I25) | |||||||||
| Number of cases (n) | 37 | 26 | 1 | 41 | 97 | 17 | 9 | 28 | 23 |
| aHR | 1 | 1.41 | 0.66 | 0.79 | 1 | 0.96 | 0.61 | 0.73 | 1 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 0.85–2.35 | 0.09–4.85 | 0.54–1.14 | Reference | 0.57–1.63 | 0.28–1.35 | 0.42–1.28 | Reference |
| Myocardial infarction (I21–I24) | |||||||||
| Number of cases (n) | 25 | 26 | 2 | 30 | 90 | 16 | 7 | 24 | 18 |
| aHR | 1 | 2.24 | 2.72 | 0.63 | 1 | 1.07 | 0.57 | 0.78 | 1 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 1.28–3.91 | 0.62–11.99 | 0.41–0.95 | Reference | 0.62–1.84 | 0.23–1.41 | 0.41–1.47 | Reference |
| Stroke subtypes | |||||||||
| Ischemic stroke (I63) | |||||||||
| Number of cases (n) | 109 | 74 | 8 | 96 | 265 | 51 | 23 | 70 | 69 |
| aHR | 1 | 1.38 | 2.35 | 0.72 | 1 | 1.05 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 1 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 1.03–1.87 | 1.12–4.89 | 0.57–0.91 | Reference | 0.77–1.42 | 0.38–1.01 | 0.42–0.84 | Reference |
| Other stroke (I67–I69) | |||||||||
| Number of cases (n) | 27 | 27 | 3 | 42 | 69 | 17 | 11 | 28 | 20 |
| aHR | 1 | 1.93 | 3.06 | 1.18 | 1 | 1.40 | 1.00 | 0.89 | 1 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 1.12–3.32 | 0.89–10.50 | 0.80–1.74 | Reference | 0.81–2.40 | 0.46–2.15 | 0.49–1.59 | Reference |
| Cerebral infarction without ischemic stroke (I65–I66) | |||||||||
| Number of cases (n) | 18 | 10 | 2 | 23 | 62 | 13 | 9 | 18 | 13 |
| aHR | 1 | 0.98 | 3.09 | 0.69 | 1 | 1.13 | 1.47 | 0.84 | 1 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 0.45–2.14 | 0.68–13.95 | 0.42–1.11 | Reference | 0.62–2.08 | 0.60–3.56 | 0.40–1.74 | Reference |
| Hemorrhagic stroke (I60–I62) | |||||||||
| Number of cases (n) | 25 | 15 | 1 | 23 | 52 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 8 |
| aHR | 1 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 0.87 | 1 | 0.51 | 0.71 | 1.03 | 1 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 0.61–2.21 | 0.15–8.59 | 0.53–1.43 | Reference | 0.20–1.29 | 0.18–2.80 | 0.42–2.51 | Reference |
aHR adjusted hazard ratio analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, anti-diabetic medication, and lipid-lowering medication.
TC total cholesterol, T2D type 2 diabetes mellitus, CHD coronary heart disease, N, n number, CI confidential interval, IHD ischemic heart disease.
*Results for a stroke subtype (not specified as hemorrhage or infarction stroke, I64) were not provided due to small number of cases (n = 21).