Table 5.
Individual PQAS changes scores [End-of-Study (week 10) minus Baseline].
| PQAS items | Group 1 LE | Group 2 LE | Group 3 HNS | Group 4 HNS | ANOVA | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PQAS 1—intense | Mean ± SD (n) | − 3.1 ± 2.8 (16) | − 1.4 ± 1.8 (17) | − 0.8 ± 3.7 (6) | − 1.4 ± 2.2 (10) | 0.126 |
| PQAS 2—sharp | Mean ± SD (n) | − 3.4 ± 3.2 (16) | − 1.8 ± 2.6 (17) | − 0.3 ± 2.7 (6) | − 1.3 ± 2.3 (10) | 0.088 |
| PQAS 3—hot | Mean ± SD (n) | − 1.7 ± 2.9 (16) | − 1.4 ± 2.7 (17) | − 1.5 ± 1.8 (6) | − 2.0 ± 1.9 (10) | 0.947 |
| PQAS 4—dull | Mean ± SD (n) | − 3.0 ± 3.5 (16) | − 0.9 ± 3.3 (17) | 0.2 ± 4.6 (6) | − 0.5 ± 3.0 (10) | 0.152 |
| PQAS 5—cold | Mean ± SD (n) | − 2.2 ± 2.3 (16) | − 0.8 ± 4.1 (17) | − 1.3 ± 1.8 (6) | − 0.2 ± 1.5 (9) | 0.377 |
| PQAS 6—sensitive | Mean ± SD (n) | − 2.9 ± 2.7 (16) | − 0.1 ± 3.2 (17) | 0.0 ± 3.8 (6) | 1.0 ± 2.4 (9) | 0.010 |
| PQAS 7—tender | Mean ± SD (n) | − 3.1 ± 3.1 (16) | − 1.4 ± 1.9 (17) | − 0.8 ± 3.5 (6) | − 0.3 ± 1.6 (10) | 0.040 |
| PQAS 8—itchy | Mean ± SD (n) | − 1.7 ± 2.4 (16) | − 0.1 ± 2.9 (17) | − 0.2 ± 1.0 (6) | − 0.4 ± 1.8 (10) | 0.254 |
| PQAS 9—shooting | Mean ± SD (n) | − 2.9 ± 2.3 (16) | − 1.6 ± 3.6 (17) | 0.2 ± 2.0 (6) | − 0.8 ± 1.3 (10) | 0.072 |
| PQAS 10—numb | Mean ± SD (n) | − 2.8 ± 3.0 (16) | − 1.5 ± 2.9 (17) | − 2.0 ± 2.4 (6) | − 1.7 ± 2.0 (10) | 0.549 |
| PQAS 11—electrical | Mean ± SD (n) | − 2.7 ± 2.5 (16) | 0.1 ± 3.8 (17) | 0.3 ± 4.2 (6) | − 2.0 ± 2.2 (10) | 0.057 |
| PQAS 12—tingling | Mean ± SD (n) | − 3.4 ± 2.7 (16) | − 1.2 ± 2.1 (17) | − 1.8 ± 1.9 (6) | − 2.1 ± 2.5 (10) | 0.081 |
| PQAS 13—cramping | Mean ± SD (n) | − 2.4 ± 2.3 (16) | − 1.1 ± 3.1 (17) | − 3.7 ± 3.0 (6) | − 0.5 ± 2.1 (10) | 0.076 |
| PQAS 14—radiating | Mean ± SD (n) | − 2.3 ± 2.8 (16) | − 1.0 ± 2.9 (17) | 1.7 ± 2.9 (6) | − 0.9 ± 1.9 (10) | 0.033 |
| PQAS 15—throbbing | Mean ± SD (n) | − 1.9 ± 2.6 (16) | − 1.2 ± 3.1 (16) | − 1.2 ± 2.7 (6) | − 0.4 ± 1.5 (10) | 0.583 |
| PQAS 16—aching | Mean ± SD (n) | − 2.3 ± 3.1 (16) | − 0.7 ± 2.9 (17) | − 1.0 ± 3.0 (6) | − 2.0 ± 1.8 (10) | 0.392 |
| PQAS 17—heavy | Mean ± SD (n) | − 1.1 ± 1.5 (16) | − 1.1 ± 2.6 (17) | − 0.2 ± 3.3 (6) | − 2.2 ± 2.7 (10) | 0.418 |
| PQAS 18—unpleasant | Mean ± SD (n) | − 3.2 ± 3.1 (16) | − 1.5 ± 2.0 (17) | − 1.7 ± 2.3 (6) | − 1.9 ± 2.3 (10) | 0.265 |
| PQAS 19a—intense deep | Mean ± SD (n) | − 2.7 ± 3.4 (16) | − 1.1 ± 2.7 (15) | − 0.7 ± 3.0 (6) | − 1.4 ± 2.4 (9) | 0.385 |
| PQAS 19b—intense surface | Mean ± SD (n) | − 2.3 ± 2.5 (16) | − 0.9 ± 2.3 (15) | − 0.7 ± 5.0 (6) | − 0.7 ± 3.1 (9) | 0.476 |
| PQAS 20—time quality (intermittent, variable, stable) | Mean ± SD (n) | 0.1 ± 0.6 (15) | 0.1 ± 0.4 (15) | − 0.6 ± 0.9 (5) | − 0.1 ± 0.6 (9) | 0.090 |
Group 1: intervention (lower extremity, LE) massage 3 times per week for 4 weeks.
Group 2: intervention (lower extremity, LE) massage 2 times per week for 6 weeks.
Group 3: control (head/neck/shoulder, HNS) massage 3 times per week for 4 weeks.
Group 4: control (head/neck/shoulder, HNS) massage 2 times per week for 6 weeks.
Bold represents > 2-point change (improvement).