Table 1.

Medical and imaging associated costs (in US dollars), associated distribution type for parameterization, and HRQoLs associated with relevant health states used in the simulation.

	Distribution	Costs	Distribution	HRQoL score	95% CI or std dev	Distribution	Time in state	Std error
Initial staging	$\gamma$	1664	–			$\beta$	16 years61	8.6 years
Multiparametric MR	$\gamma$	492.69				–
Trus Bx	$\gamma$	305.66	$\beta$	80.762	[64.6, 96.8]
Anti-3-[18F]FACBC PET/CT	$\gamma$	2059.47	–
CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis with bone scintigraphy	$\gamma$	1130.05
[18F]DCFPyL PET/CT	$\gamma$	1617.15
Observation	$\gamma$	1066	$\beta$	97.4463	[94.83, 100]	$\beta$; piecewise distribution (survival analysis)	35% to BCR in 10 years43; survival distribution: 98% at 5 years2	–
EBRT	$\gamma$	15,000	$\beta$	92.3163	[87.44, 97.78]	$\beta$	5 weeks64	–
Brachytherapy	$\gamma$	14,200	$\beta$	92.3163	[87.44, 97.78]	–
ADT	$\gamma$	2993	$\beta$	92.3163	[87.44, 97.78]	$\beta$	3 years65	–
RALP w/ PLND	$\gamma$	10,600	$\beta$	95.5163	[87.65, 98.72]	–
Biochemical recurrence (BCR)	–		$\beta$	78.7966	[54.82, 100]
Observation (after BCR)	$\gamma$	1066	$\beta$	71.2166	[53.59, 88.83]	Piecewise exponential (survival analysis)	Survival distribution: 93% at 5 years, 73% at 10 years,55% at 15 years43	–
Cryotherapy	$\gamma$	13,500	$\beta$	8067	–	–
Chemotherapy	$\gamma$	122,323	$\beta$	77.868	20.0	$\beta$	6 months69	–

Costs were extracted from the 2021 CMS Physician Fee Schedule tool⁴⁷ and assumed a 10% variability/standard error using a $\gamma$ distribution. Health Related Quality of life (HRQoL) scores were derived from published literature (translated to 0–100 scale if not done already) and assumed to follow a $\beta$ distribution. Time in each state were also assumed to follow a $\beta$-distribution.