Table 1.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

	Inclusion Criteria	Exclusion Criteria
Population	Participants aged ≥16 years with CKD	Individuals undergoing kidney replacement therapy or palliative care, and/or pregnant or breastfeeding individuals
Intervention	Interventions conducted in the outpatient setting, which explored the effect of diet, physical activity, exercise, or combined lifestyle (diet, physical activity, and/or exercise) interventions	Medication-only interventions
Comparator	Allowed for the effect of the intervention to be isolated	—
Outcome	Reported the following outcomes: progression of CKD (as indicated by GFR, eGFR, albuminuria, proteinuria, or serum creatinine), or risk factors of progression of existing CKD, such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, and HbA1c; or QoL	—
Study Design	Randomized controlled trials	All other study designs

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA_1c, hemoglobin A_1c, QoL, quality of life.