Table 6.
Changes in Outcomes After Lifestyle Intervention, Compared With Those of Control
| Outcome | No. of Studies | No. of Effect Sizes | No. of Participants | Weighted Mean Difference (95% CI), P Value | Inconsistency (I2) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GFR (mL/min/1.732) | 47 | 51 | 2,852 | 0.9 (−0.6 to 2.3), 0.251 | 90.2 |
| ACR (mg/g) | 6 | 7 | 389 | −87 (−212 to 37),0.170 | 18.1 |
| 24-h albuminuria (mg/24 h) | 3 | 3 | 346 | −53 (−56 to −50), <0.001 | 0 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 31 | 34 | 2,130 | −0.43 (−0.74 to −0.11), 0.008 | 96.3 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 40 | 46 | 2,849 | −4.5 (−6.7 to −2.4), <0.001 | 82.7 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 37 | 42 | 2,614 | −2.2 (−3.7 to −0.8), 0.003 | 76.8 |
| Body weight (kg) | 32 | 38 | 2,661 | −1.1 (−2.0 to −0.1), 0.025 | 50.1 |
| HbA1c (%) | 20 | 22 | 1,447 | −0.03 (−0.19 to 0.13), 0.717 | 60.5 |
Abbreviations: ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.