. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 24.

Published in final edited form as: J Econ Ageing. 2022 Sep 8;23:100410. doi: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2022.100410

Table 3.

Poverty among those 60 and older in China, 2011–2020.

	Whole sample			Urban			Rural
	FGT₀	FGT₁	FGT₂	FGT₀	FGT₁	FGT₂	FGT₀	FGT₁	FGT₂
	headcount	gap	depth	headcount	gap	depth	headcount	gap	depth
2011	35.2 %	0.131	0.082	15.8 %	0.065	0.038	43.6 %	0.160	0.102
2013	25.9 %	0.091	0.059	15.0 %	0.050	0.026	31.0 %	0.109	0.075
2015	22.4 %	0.082	0.054	9.8 %	0.037	0.021	28.0 %	0.102	0.068
2018	17.9 %	0.059	0.038	6.9 %	0.024	0.012	22.6 %	0.075	0.049
2020	13.1 %	0.038	0.025	4.3 %	0.014	0.007	16.9 %	0.048	0.033

Notes: Calculated from CHARLS data. Poverty is measured by comparing per capita consumption at current prices with poverty lines in Table B2. Medical expenses are excluded from consumption. The FGT index was developed by Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke (1984). FGT₀ is the poverty rate, FGT₁ is the poverty gap index, and FGT₂ is the poverty depth (also called the squared poverty gap) index. All numbers are weighted.