Table 6.
Consumption regressions for older Chinese, 2011–2020.
| Dependent variable: log (Consumption) |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 0.0470*** (0.0109) |
0.0854*** (0.0105) |
0.0862*** (0.0105) |
| Marital status (Base: Married) | |||
| Widowed | 0.0691*** (0.0199) |
0.222*** (0.0305) |
0.234*** (0.0636) |
| Widowed * Female | −0.220*** (0.0353) |
−0.290*** (0.0707) |
|
| Widowed * Rural | −0.0142 (0.0707) |
||
| Widowed *Female * Rural | 0.0942 (0.0802) |
||
| Divorced | 0.0331 (0.0569) |
0.185*** (0.0695) |
0.254** (0.108) |
| Divorced * Female | −0.363*** (0.115) |
−0.324* (0.167) |
|
| Divorced * Rural | −0.107 (0.141) |
||
| Divorced *Female * Rural | −0.132 (0.231) |
||
| Never married | 0.0275 (0.0805) |
−0.00718 (0.0847) |
−0.148 (0.233) |
| Never married * Female | 0.301 (0.206) |
0.370 (0.285) |
|
| Never married * Rural | 0.158 (0.250) |
||
| Never married *Female * Rural | −0.0687 (0.373) |
||
| Rural hukou | −0.602*** (0.0195) |
−0.605*** (0.0194) |
−0.614*** (0.0217) |
| Region (Base: East region) | |||
| West region | −0.0902*** (0.0206) |
−0.0900*** (0.0206) |
−0.0896*** (0.0206) |
| Central region | 0.177*** (0.0203) |
0.177*** (0.0203) |
−0.176*** (0.0203) |
| Age (Base: 60–64) | |||
| Age (65–69) | −0.0984*** (0.0156) |
−0.0975*** (0.0156) |
−0.0977*** (0.0156) |
| Age (70–74) | —0.197*** (0.0195) |
—0.194*** (0.0195) |
—0.194*** (0.0195) |
| Age (75 + ) | −0.292*** (0.0234) |
−0.288*** (0.0233) |
−0.289*** (0.0233) |
| Education (Base: finished high school or above) | |||
| Illiterate | −0.576*** (0.0308) |
−0.578*** (0.0308) |
−0.576*** (0.0307) |
| Literate but did not finish elementary school | −0.453*** (0.0308) |
−0.457*** (0.0307) |
−0.452*** (0.0306) |
| Finished elementary school | −0.357*** (0.0316) |
−0.359*** (0.0316) |
−0.355*** (0.0314) |
| Finished middle School | −0.267*** (0.0319) |
−0.268*** (0.0319) |
−0.265*** (0.0317) |
| Household size | −0.0101** (0.00485) |
−0.00994** (0.00483) |
−0.0101** (0.00484) |
| Wave dummy (base = 2011) | |||
| Wave 2013 | 0.240*** (0.0246) |
0.240*** (0.0246) |
0.240*** (0.0246) |
| Wave 2015 | 0.372*** (0.0248) |
0.372*** (0.0248) |
0.371*** (0.0248) |
| Wave 2018 | 0.535*** (0.0216) |
0.534*** (0.0216) |
0.534*** (0.0216) |
| Wave 2020 | 0.729*** (0.0224) |
0.728*** (0.0224) |
0.728*** (0.0224) |
| Constant | 9.286*** (0.0420) |
9 271*** (0.0419) |
9.275*** (0.0428) |
| Observations | 45,203 | 45,203 | 45,203 |
| R-squared | 0.229 | 0.231 | 0.231 |
Notes: Estimated from CHARLS data by weighted least squares.
*, **, ***
denote significance levels at 10, 5, and 1 percent. Standard errors in parenthesis are clustered at the household level.