Table 9.
Regressions with coefficients varying across years, the 2020 coefficients.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variables | ||||
| Independent variables*Wave 2020 dummy (Base: independent variable for 2011) | Log(consumption) | In poverty | ||
| Female | −0.001 | (0.0320) | 0.001 | (0.0113) |
| Rural hukou | 0.208*** | (0.0582) | −0.129*** | (0.0227) |
| Marital status (Base: Married) | ||||
| Widowed | −0.040 | (0.0503) | 0.039 | (0.0237) |
| Divorced | 0.063 | (0.169) | 0.046 | (0.0586) |
| Never married | −0.164 | (0.225) | 0.077 | (0.0952) |
| Region (Base: East region) | ||||
| West region | −0.043 | (0.0538) | −0.028 | (0.0240) |
| Central region | 0.008 | (0.0531) | −0.059*** | (0.0227) |
| Age (Base: 60–64) | ||||
| Age (65–69) | 0.025 | (0.0514) | −0.012 | (0.0201) |
| Age (70–74) | 0.062 | (0.0585) | −0.030 | (0.0281) |
| Age (75 + ) | 0.051 | (0.0638) | −0.061** | (0.0278) |
| Education (Base: finished high school or above) | ||||
| Education: Illiterate | 0.053 | (0.0805) | −0.114*** | (0.0279) |
| Education: Literate but did not finish elementary school | 0.094 | (0.0755) | −0.107*** | (0.0318) |
| Education: Finished elementary school | 0.075 | (0.0811) | −0.090*** | (0.0264) |
| Education: Finished middle School | 0.134* | (0.0757) | −0.087*** | (0.0249) |
| Household size | 0.009 | (0.0125) | −0.010* | (0.00567) |
Notes: Estimated from CHARLS data by weighted least squares.
*, **, ***
denote significance levels at 10, 5, and 1 percent. Standard errors in parenthesis are clustered at the household level. Each independent variable shown represents its interaction with the dummy variable of 2020. The same set of independent variables used in Table 6 and Table 7 as well as their interactions with wave dummies 2013, 2015, and 2018 are also controlled for, but their coefficients are omitted for this table.