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. 2023 May 16;11(6):e892–e902. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00050-5

Table 3.

Short-term net costs of the vaccination programme, long-term productivity benefits of vaccination, and ICERs

Short-term net costs of vaccination with LSD and MSD burden Long-term average retirement income effect scenario with LSD and MSD burden Total net costs with LSD and MSD burden, average retirement income effect scenario Short-term net costs of vaccination with MSD only burden Long-term early retirement income effect scenario with MSD only burden Total net costs with MSD only burden, early retirement income effect scenario Short-term ICERs of vaccination with LSD and MSD burden Total ICERs of vaccination with LSD and MSD burden Short-term ICERs of vaccination with MSD only burden Total ICERs of vaccination with MSD only burden
LICs and LMICs only
African region $2 128 410 503 $18 190 037 895 −$16 061 627 393 $3 168 081 088 $4 448 008 377 −$1 279 927 289 $148 Cost-saving $253 Cost-saving
Region of the Americas $116 458 342 $387 380 874 −$270 922 531 $139 774 342 $118 090 266 $21 684 076 $1468 Cost-saving $2076 $1
Eastern Mediterranean region $1 444 441 843 $4 199 309 262 −$2 754 867 419 $1 705 034 748 $1 170 111 530 $534 923 218 $962 Cost-saving $1366 $37
European region $169 596 359 $689 762 644 −$520 166 285 $188 993 601 $194 381 649 −$5 388 048 $6258 Cost-saving $8568 Cost-saving
South-East Asia Region $2 558 955 923 $55 541 011 504 −$52 982 055 580 $2 854 852 733 $11 883 800 004 −$9 028 947 271 $3679 Cost-saving $5207 Cost-saving
Western Pacific region $876 685 851 $5 763 024 543 −$4 886 338 692 $918 655 357 $1 354 206 683 −$435 551 327 $7167 Cost-saving $9085 Cost-saving
Gavi-eligible countries $5 175 827 295 $74 975 327 035 −$69 799 499 741 $6 586 343 447 $16 654 760 176 −$10 068 416 730 $308 Cost-saving $458 Cost-saving
Global $7 294 548 821 $84 770 526 722 −$77 475 977 900 $8 975 391 870 $19 168 598 510 −$10 193 206 640 $414 Cost-saving $596 Cost-saving
LICs, LMICs, and UMICs
African region $2 342 074 114 $19 054 584 092 −$16 712 509 979 $3 498 838 733 $4 725 160 835 −$1 226 322 102 $161 Cost-saving $276 Cost-saving
Region of the Americas $1 172 321 009 $12 749 072 001 −$11 576 750 992 $1 593 900 789 $4 004 414 220 −$2 410 513 431 $4237 Cost-saving $6913 Cost-saving
Eastern Mediterranean region $1 844 211 327 $4 977 018 137 −$3 132 806 809 $2 133 757 615 $1 404 033 854 $729 723 761 $1210 Cost-saving $1687 $50
European region $711 481 873 $3 317 730 095 −$2 606 248 221 $794 126 013 $975 865 603 −$181 739 590 $14 840 Cost-saving $20 507 Cost-saving
South-East Asia region $4 073 465 298 $62 269 412 660 −$58 195 947 362 $4 439 808 108 $13 710 812 232 −$9 271 004 123 $4893 Cost-saving $6701 Cost-saving
Western Pacific region $5 507 077 021 $31 336 480 661 −$25 829 403 640 $5 858 927 274 $7 837 815 440 −$1 978 888 166 $22 990 Cost-saving $30 111 Cost-saving
Gavi-eligible countries $5 175 827 295 $74 975 327 035 −$69 799 499 741 $6 586 343 447 $16 654 760 176 −$10 068 416 730 $308 Cost-saving $458 Cost-saving
Global $15 650 630 642 $133 704 297 646 −$118 053 667 004 $18 319 358 533 $32 658 102 184 −$14 338 743 651 $849 Cost-saving $1170 Cost-saving

Average retirement age was defined as 64 years as per the OECD, whereas early retirement age was defined as 50 years. ICERs are presented from the companion cost-effectiveness analysis along with new ICERs calculated by combining short-term and long-term benefits; they are shown as 2019 US$ per DALYs averted. Cost-saving indicates that net costs are negative, indicating the costs of vaccination are fully offset by the benefits of vaccination. DALY=disability-adjusted life year. ICER=incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. LSD=less-severe disease. MSD=moderate-to-severe disease. OECD=Organisation for Economic Development and Co-operation.