Table 1.
Summary of the application of Bifidobacterium-related preparations in the intervention of depression.
| Bifidobacterium related preparation | Experimental model | Content | Duration of intervention | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (Arseneault-Bréard et al., 2012) |
Sprague–Dawley rats | 1.0 × 109 live bacterial cells | 2 weeks | Intervened the development of post-MI depressive behavior Reduced IL-1β level Maintained intestinal barrier integrity |
| Bifidobacteria infantis 35624 (Desbonnet et al., 2010) | Sprague–Dawley rats | 1 × 1010 live bacterial cells | 2 weeks | Reduced swim behavior and increased immobility in the FST Restored noradrenaline concentrations Attenuated the exaggerated IL-6 response |
| Bifidobacteria infantis 35624 (Desbonnet et al., 2008) | Sprague–Dawley rats | 1 × 1010 live bacterial cells | 2 weeks | Reduced 5-HIAA concentration Elevated the serotonergic precursor, tryptophan Attenuated IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines Decreased DOPAC in the amygdaloid cortex |
| Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 (Han et al., 2020) | C57BL/6 mice | 1 × 109 CFU | 5 days | Increased BDNF+/NeuN+ cell population Suppressed NF-κB action in the hippocampus Alleviated gut dysbiosis |
| Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 (Jang et al., 2019) | C57BL/6 mice | 1 × 109 CFU | 5 days | Suppressed depressive behavior Suppressrf NF-κB activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Suppressed the infiltration of Iba1+ and LPS+/CD11b+ cells Suppressed corticosterone, IL-6, and LPS levels in the blood Induced hippocampal BDNF expression Suppressed the IS-induced fecal proteobacteria population |
| Bifidobacterium breve M-16 V (Kosuge et al., 2021) | C57BL/6J mice | 5.0 × 109 nonviable cells | 33 days | Prevented social interaction impairment Suppressed IL-1β increase in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus Modulated the gut microbiota composition |
| Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis E41 Bifidobacterium breve M2CF22M7 (Tian et al., 2019) | C57BL/6J mice | 1 × 109 CFU | 5 weeks | Reduced depressive behaviors of mice in the forced swim test, sucrose preference test, and step-down test Improved the expression of Tph1 and secretion of 5-HTP in RIN14B cells Increased the level of 5-HTP and brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration in the brain Reduced the serum corticosterone level Improved microbial dysbiosis |
| Bifidobacterium bifidum Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus casei (Akkasheh et al., 2016) | MDD patients | 2 × 109 CFU | 8 weeks | Decreased BDI total score Decreased serum insulin levels and serum hs-CRP concentrations Improved plasma total glutathione levels |
|
Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 (Lee et al., 2021) |
Healthy adults with subclinical symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia | 2.0 × 109 CFU | 8 weeks | Decreased the BAI score and BDI-II score Decreased serum IL-6 levels Restored gut microbiota composition |
| Bifidobacterium breve A-1 (Okubo et al., 2019) | Patients with schizophrenia | 5 × 1010 CFU | 4 weeks | 25% reduction in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) total score Improved Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) anxiety/depression score Increased IL-22 and TRANCE expression |
| Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 (Pinto-Sanchez et al., 2017) | Patients with IBS and diarrhea or a mixed-stool pattern | 1 × 1010 CFU | 6 weeks | Reduced depression scores of 2 points or more on HAD-D scores Reduced responses to negative emotional stimuli in multiple brain areas Reduced urine levels of methylamines and aromatic amino acids metabolites |
| Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 (Tian et al., 2022) | MDD patients | 1 × 1010 CFU | 4 weeks | Decreased Hamilton Depression Rating scale-24 (HDRS-24) rating score Reduced the 5-HT turnover Changed the tryptophan metabolism of the gut microbiome Increased level of tryptophan, 5-HTP, 5-HT |
|
Bifidobacterium bifidum W23 Bifidobacterium lactis W52 Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 Lactobacillus brevis W63 Lactobacillus casei W56 Lactobacillus salivarius W24 Lactococcus lactis (W19 and W58) (Steenbergen et al., 2015) |
Healthy adults | 5 × 109 CFU | 4 weeks | Reduced overall cognitive reactivity to depression and in particular aggressive and ruminative thoughts |