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. 2023 May 17;28:74–94. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.05.002

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Characterization of gel samples. FESEM imaging of (A) PRP gel and (B) SP@PRP gel shows that the gels have a network-like porous structure (yellow arrow). Cross-sectional FESEM images for the PRP gel (C) and the SP@PRP gel (D), showing randomly ordered fibril elements of different thicknesses (white arrows) at 5000 × magnification. The insets show the visual appearance of the PRP gel and SP@PRP gel. Typical TEM images for PRP-Exos (E–F) and MSC-Exos (G–H), with visible exosome structures (red arrows). Size distribution diagram for the exosomes in PRP-Exos (I) and MSC-Exos (K), measured in the TEM images with ImageJ. (K) Western blot analysis of the surface biomarkers CD9, CD63, and CD81 in PRP-Exos and MSC-Exos. PL, platelet lysate; MSC-L, MSC-lysate. (L) Porosity, (M) average pore size, (N) swelling ratio, (O–P) TGA, (Q) FTIR, and (R) XRD analysis of different gels. Data are presented as the average value ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). NS indicates no significance, and * indicates P < 0.05.