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. 2023 May 10;14:1138676. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1138676

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Involvement of p38 and JNK signaling in U60E-induced pericyte survival. (A–D) Pericytes were treated with U60E (20 μg/mL), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (100 ng/ml), and/or anisomycin (100 ng/ml) for 30 min under conditions exposed to normal glucose (NG; 5 mM glucose) or high glucose (HG, 30 mM glucose) for 24 h. The phosphorylation of p38 (p-p38), JNK (p-JNK), and Erk1/2 (p-Erk1/2) was determined by western blot analysis. p38, JNK, Erk1/2, and β-tubulin were used as controls. (A, B) The right histogram showed quantitative densitometric analysis. The bar graph represents the means ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). (E, F) Pericytes were treated with U60E (20 μg/mL), TNF-α (100 ng/ml), and/or anisomycin (100 ng/ml) for 72 h under NG or HG conditions. Cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometric analysis. The apoptotic cells were expressed as a percentage of apoptotic cells in the total cell population. The bar graph represents the means ± SD (n = 3). No significance (n.s.) indicates P > 0.05, *P < 0.05.