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. 2023 Mar 14;117(5):964–975. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.02.026

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Bootstrap mean and 95% CIs of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Light’s Kappa for meal timing variables measured by 24-h dietary recall in the IDATA, EPIC-Potsdam Validation, and EPIC-Potsdam BMBF-II studies. Shapes denoting the different studies indicate the level of reliability as defined using the following criteria: “poor” (ICC <0.50), “moderate” (0.50–0.75), and “good” (0.75–0.90). (A) Overnight fasting duration; (B) Midpoint of overnight fasting time; (C) Number of eating episodes. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated using a 1-way linear mixed effects model with and without fixed covariates [51]. Kappa statistics were calculated based on the formula for multiple raters proposed by Light [52]. IDATA participants (n = 996) completed ≤ 6 24-h dietary recalls. EPIC-Potsdam Validation study participants (n = 134) completed ≤ 12 24-h dietary recalls. EPIC-Potsdam BMBF-II study participants (n = 725) completed ≤ 4 24-h dietary recalls. The duration of overnight fasting (in h) was estimated by calculating the time between the first and the last eating episode of the day and subtracting it from 24-h. The midpoint of the overnight fasting period was calculated as the duration of overnight fasting divided by 2 and added to the start time of the overnight fasting. The number of eating episodes was calculated as an ordinal variable and included any time-stamped eating episode associated with calorie-containing food or beverage consumption (≥ 25 calories). Late eating was calculated as a binary variable (yes/no) indicating whether the last eating episode in the 24-h period was prior to 9 pm or at/after 9 pm. The daily period of greatest percentage caloric intake was calculated by assigning individuals to the period of greatest daily percentage caloric intake in the 24-h period: 1) 00:00–04:00; 2) 04:00–08:00 ; 3) 08:00–12:00; 4) 12:00–16:00; 5) 16:00–20:00; 6) 20:00–24:00 h. BMBF, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (German: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung); EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; IDATA, The Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in AARP.