Table 1.

Ethogram of wolf fishing behaviours recorded along Irwin Creek in the Greater Voyageurs Ecosystem via remote cameras in 2018 and 2019.

specific behaviour	definition
on creek bank	wolf runs, walks or stands on the bank of creek
wading	wolf walks or runs in the water of the creek
complete fishing attempt	wolf is observed successfully ambushing and catching a fish but is not observed caching the catch
failed fishing attempt	wolf unsuccessfully attempts to catch a fish that is visible
carrying fish	no observation of wolf catching a fish, but the wolf carries a fish in its mouth without dropping and leaving it (i.e. the wolf has the fish in its mouth for the entire duration of the video)
caching fish	wolf has a fish in its mouth, drops the fish on the creek bank, and leaves the fish (i.e. the wolf does not eat the fish but rather caches it)
unknown fishing attempt	wolf attempts to catch a fish (lunges towards water, plunges snout in water, or chases after visible fish in frame) but the outcome of the attempt is not visible in the video footage (i.e. wolf leaves video frame, video cuts out etc.)