Table 3.

Adjusted Associations Between Individual- and Area-Level Characteristics and Distant-Stage Lung Cancer Diagnosis Among Patients With Incident Lung Cancer in the Southern Community Cohort Study, Primary Analysis of Imputed Baseline Data, 2002 through 2019 (N = 1,572)

Characteristic	ORa	95% CI	P Value
Main effects
Black/African American race (reference: White)	0.49	0.08-3.04	.441
Age at diagnosis	0.98	0.96-1.00	.060
Male sex (reference: female sex)	1.32	0.91-1.93	.145
Education (reference: less than high school)
High school	1.23	0.97-1.58	.090
More than high school	1.28	0.97-1.68	.084
Household income ≥ $15,000 (reference: < $15,000)	0.92	0.72-1.17	.493
Marital status (reference: married)
Separated or divorced	0.94	0.62-1.42	.780
Widowed	1.53	0.88-2.65	.132
Single	1.08	0.57-2.06	.811
Health insurance coverage (reference: no coverage)	0.81	0.64-1.02	.068
Pack-years smoked	1.00	1.00-1.00	.801
History of COPD (reference: no history)	0.72	0.53-0.98	.040
Prior cancer diagnosis (reference: no diagnosis)	0.98	0.69-1.40	.930
Charlson comorbidity index score (reference: 1)
2	1.46	0.73-2.97	.290
3	1.70	0.84-3.49	.145
4	1.91	0.94-3.94	.076
5	2.11	0.98-4.61	.059
≥ 6	1.31	0.58-2.98	.521
Underwent colonoscopy (reference: never underwent)	0.93	0.73-1.19	.576
Area deprivation (reference: quartile 1, least deprived)
Quartile 2	1.29	0.87-1.91	.207
Quartile 3	0.82	0.48-1.38	.464
Quartile 4 (most deprived)	2.14	1.00-4.68	.051
Distance from comprehensive cancer center, 100-mile increments	1.08	0.95-1.23	.224
Interaction effectsb
Black/African American × age at diagnosis	1.02	0.99-1.05	.193
Black/African American × male sex	0.98	0.62-1.54	.925
Black/African American × separated or divorced	1.23	0.73-2.07	.430
Black/African American × widowed	0.86	0.42-1.76	.682
Black/African American × single	1.39	0.67-2.91	.377
Black/African American × area deprivation quartile 2	1.00	0.55-1.85	.989
Black/African American × area deprivation quartile 3	2.37	1.21-4.71	.013
Black/African American × area deprivation quartile 4	0.72	0.30-1.71	.456
Black/African American × Charlson comorbidity index score 2	0.54	0.24-1.18	.125
Black/African American × Charlson comorbidity index score 3	0.44	0.19-0.98	.046
Black/African American × Charlson comorbidity index score 4	0.36	0.15-0.81	.015
Black/African American × Charlson comorbidity index score 5	0.43	0.17-1.06	.067
Black/African American × Charlson comorbidity index score ≥ 6	0.70	0.26-1.91	.492

^aModel fit statistics: cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.561; pseudo R² = 0.045.

^bInteraction effect between two variables.