. 2023 May 24;13(23):15747–15761. doi: 10.1039/d3ra01783d

Crude oil–pure water IFTs, γ_∘, critical micelle concentrations, CMC, IFTs at CMC, γ_CMC, minimum reached IFTs, γ_min, and maximum reductions in IFT at different temperatures.

T (K)	γ _∘ (mN m⁻¹)	CMC (mol dm⁻³)	γ _CMC (mN m⁻¹)	γ _min (mN m⁻¹)	Maximum IFT reduction (%)
[C ₄ benzim-C ₄ -benzimC ₄ ][Br ₂ ]
298.2	32.94	0.028	18.1	14.87	54.86
308.2	32.04	0.027	17.2	13.81	56.89
318.2	31.03	0.024	16.1	12.39	60.07
328.2	30.09	0.022	14.9	10.72	64.37

[C ₄ benzim-C ₆ -benzimC ₄ ][Br ₂ ]
298.2	32.94	0.025	17.0	12.80	61.14
308.2	32.04	0.024	15.5	11.51	64.08
318.2	31.03	0.023	14.5	10.01	67.74
328.2	30.09	0.020	13.6	8.78	70.82

Crude oil–pure water IFTs, γ∘, critical micelle concentrations, CMC, IFTs at CMC, γCMC, minimum reached IFTs, γmin, and maximum reductions in IFT at different temperatures.