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. 2023 May 24;13:8416. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-35471-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HCoV S1-specific IgG antibody responses in children at 1, 2 and 3 years of age. HCoV S1-specific IgG antibody levels were measured with EIA from sera collected from 140 children at 1, 2, and 3 years of age, during the years 2009 to 2013. Geometric means and geometric standard deviations of antibody levels are shown. Differences between the groups were analyzed using Wilcoxon matched pairs test. Two-tailed P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. P-values are < 0.0001 (1111) and 0.0004 (111). Dashed line indicates the cutoff value for seropositivity.