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. 2023 May 24:1–36. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10639-023-11703-x

Table 2.

Use of messaging apps to assist the learning process

Messaging App Yes No
Frequency % Frequency %
Telegram 62 22.0 220 78.0
WhatsApp 124 44.0 158 56.0
Slack 15 5.3 267 94.7
Other 60 21.3 222 78.7
Provided by the Academic
Institution 159 56.4 123 43.6
None 19 6.7 263 93.3