Table 3.
Examples of the potential role of ncRNAs as biomarkers of cardiovascular complications of diabetes
| miRNAs | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | Study Population | Source | Main findings |
| [78] | 122 patients with CLI and T2DM, 20 patients with CLI & 43 non-ischemic and non-diabetic subjects | Serum | miR-15a and miR-16 positively correlate with the risk of amputation after restenosis |
| Serum miR-15a is positively associated with post-revascularization restenosis considered as the first event | |||
| [221] | 90 non-HF, 90 HFpEF & 90 HFrEF | Serum | Reduced levels of miR-146a-5p in HF patients compared with the control group |
| Combination with contemporaneous laboratory parameters provides an optimal discriminative value | |||
| [218] | 55 patients with DM & 80 non-DM patients | Circulating microparticles | miR-26a and miR-126 are significantly reduced in DM patients compared to controls |
| Patients with reduced miR-26a and miR-126 expression levels are at higher risk for the occurrence of a concomitant CAD | |||
| [219] | 86 patients with well-controlled T2DM | Serum | miR-1 and miR-133a levels are independent predictors of myocardial steatosis |
| [222] | 28 healthy controls, 26 patients with DM, 22 patients with chronic HF & 15 patients with both DM and chronic HF | Plasma | miR-30c is reduced in patients with DM and HF |
| miR-30c levels are negatively correlated with plasma glucose levels in patients with chronic HF | |||
| [223] | 63 patients with DM with and without cardiac dysfunction | Plasma | miR-144 is significantly decreased in the plasma of patients with DM with cardiac dysfunction |
| Plasma miR-144 could serve as a specific predictor of patients with DM developing cardiac dysfunction | |||
| Long non-coding RNAs | |||
| [232] | 414 patients with acute MI | Whole Blood | MIAT is a predictor of LV dysfunction at 4 months after MI |
| 56 patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy, 44 patients with DM but without cardiomyopathy & 42 healthy controls | Serum | HOTAIR is a diagnostic biomarker of diabetic cardiomyopathy | |
| [234] | 6 patients with DMs and 6 healthy subjects | Serum | KCNQ1OT1 is elevated in patients with DM |
| Circular RNAs | |||
| [234] | 45 patients with T2DM and 45 healthy subjects | Peripheral white blood cells | circANKRD36 is associated with chronic inflammation in T2DM patients |
DM: diabetes mellitus, CAD: coronary artery disease, circANKRD36: circular ankyrin repeat domain 36, CLI: critical limb ischemia, HF: heart failure, HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, HOTAIR: homeobox transcript antisense RNA, KCNQ1OT1: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1, LV: left ventricle, MI: myocardial infarction, MIAT: myocardial infarction-associated transcript, T2: type 2.