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. 2023 Apr 14;16(4):752–765. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.752-765

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Copyright: © Bhumiratana, et al.

Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Figure-4 — Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using filarial ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) region-specific primers. (a) Multiple sequence alignment of amplified DNA fragments authentically derived from ribosomal genes of filarial parasites, which span partially 18S ribosomal RNA gene (green color-highlighted)-completely ITS1-partially 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene (green color-highlighted). The retrieved nucleotide sequences (accession no.) include Brugia malayi (Bm) (AY621464 to AY621468), Brugia pahangi (Bp) (AY621469 to AY621472), Wuchereria bancrofti (Wb) (AY621473 to AY621478), Dirofilaria repens (Dr) (AY621479 to AY621481), and Dirofilaria immitis (Di) (AF217800), whose DNA sequence data were derived from the GenBank database. BioEdit version 7.2 software application is used in multiple sequence alignment. The gap (insertion/deletion) is generated to maximize the homology representing conserved (•) and degenerate nucleotide residues. (b) PCR amplification using filarial ribosomal DNA ITS1 region-specific primers can yield putatively amplicons with expected sizes in reactions containing microfilarial DNA templates isolated from different sources of infections. [Source: Graphic illustration created by A. Bhumiratana].