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. 2023 May 4;3(5):1267–1283. doi: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00617

Table 1. Advantages and Limitations of Different Biocatalytic Strategies Which Have Been Used for AAV Bioconjugation.

ligating biocatalyst advantages limitations
formylglycine generating enzyme • aldehyde tag enables variety of chemistries • requires a recognition tag
  in cellulo modification by FGE coexpression • incomplete conversion results in heterogeneous population of nanoparticles
    • potential side reactions of aldehyde in complex matrices
    • genetic modification necessary
sortase • sortase has a broad nucleophile scope enabling introduction of variety of conjugate agents (e.g., for labeling and/or tissue targeting) • requires a recognition tag
  • modular approach • leaves a scar, e.g., LPET
  • control at each step • more laborious than labeling during expression
biotin ligase • biotinylation can be carried out in cellulo by BirA coexpression • requires a recognition tag
  • biotin offers a purification handle  
  • flexibility of conjugate agents