Table 2.
Characteristics of antibody waning after the second and third vaccination across the background factors among infection-naïve participants
| Characteristics | Estimated spike antibody titers (AU/mL) after 2-dose, GMT (95% CI) |
Slope of antibody waning, RoM (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 14 | Day 30 | Day 90 | Day 180 | Per 30 d | Comparison of slopes | |
| Age (y) | ||||||
| <40 | 16 076 (15 103–17 113) | 11 618 (11 074–12 189) | 3967 (3803–4137) | 1210 (1140–1285) | 0.64 (0.63–0.65) | reference |
| ≥40 | 13 405 (12 187–14 744)a | 9137 (8538–9778)a | 2651 (2502–2809)a | 749 (677–829)a | 0.61 (0.60–0.63) | 0.96 (0.93–0.99)a |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 11 947 (10 886–13 112) | 8685 (8098–9314) | 3041 (2865–3228) | 973 (885–1070) | 0.65 (0.64–0.67) | reference |
| Female | 15 632 (14 706–16 617)a | 11 078 (10 588–11 591)a | 3585 (3446–3729)a | 1070 (1008–1135) | 0.63 (0.62–0.64) | 0.97 (0.94–0.99)a |
| Obesity | ||||||
| <27.5 (kg/m2) | 14 508 (13 765–15 291) | 10 376 (9977–10 791) | 3450 (3335–3569) | 1050 (997–1106) | 0.64 (0.63–0.65) | reference |
| ≥27.5 (kg/m2) | 15 147 (11 122–20 627) | 9956 (8081–12 266) | 2690 (2257–3206)a | 827 (622–1101) | 0.62 (0.57–0.67) | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) |
| Coexisting diseases | ||||||
| No | 14 786 (14 077–11 086) | 10 583 (10 167–11 017) | 3525 (3404–3650) | 1071 (1016–1129) | 0.64 (0.63–0.65) | reference |
| Yes | 14 077 (11 086–17 875) | 9350 (7977–109 59) | 2572 (2259–2928)a | 764 (621–941)a | 0.62 (0.58–0.65) | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) |
| Immunosuppressant use | ||||||
| No | 14 564 (13 825–15 343) | 10 388 (9993–10,798) | 3432 (3319–3549) | 1046 (993–1101) | 0.64 (0.63–0.65) | reference |
| Yes | 8074 (5221–12 486)a | 6315 (4588–8694)a | 2681 (2108–3409)a | 897 (595–1352) | 0.68 (0.61–0.76) | 1.06 (0.95–1.20) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Non-smokers | 14 663 (13 881–15 490) | 10 463 (10 048–10 894) | 3459 (3340–3582) | 1052 (998–1110) | 0.64 (0.63–0.65) | reference |
| Current smokers | 11 911 (10 084–14 069)a | 8606 (7563–9793)a | 2957 (2642–3309)a | 930 (780–1108) | 0.65 (0.62–0.68) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) |
| Alcohol drinking | ||||||
| Non or occasional | 14 818 (13 926–15 768) | 10 712 (10 220–11 228) | 3671 (3522–3826) | 1134 (1065–1207) | 0.64 (0.63–0.65) | reference |
| Weekly or daily |
14 269 (12 962–15 706) |
9868 (9212–10 572) |
2998 (2830–3176)a |
884 (807–968)a |
0.62 (0.61–0.64) |
0.97 (0.94–0.99)a |
| Characteristics |
Estimated spike antibody titers (AU/mL) after 3-dose, GMT (95% CI) | Slope of antibody waning, RoM (95% CI) | ||||
| Day 14 |
Day 30 |
Day 90 |
Day 180 |
Per 30 days |
Comparison of slopes |
|
| Age (y) | ||||||
| <40 | 25 788 (24 167–27 517) | 21 110 (20 077–22 196) | 10 696 (10 242–11 171) | 4756 (4543–4980) | 0.75 (0.74–0.75) | reference |
| ≥40 | 23 286 (20 993–25 829) | 19 566 (18 132–21 114) | 10 517 (9992–11 069) | 4552 (4323–4794) | 0.75 (0.74–0.76) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 25 563 (22 422–29 144) | 22 274 (20 255–24 494) | 13 168 (12 360–14 029) | 5827 (5472–6204) | 0.76 (0.75–0.78) | reference |
| Female | 24 200 (22 803–25 683) | 19 770 (18 889–20 692)a | 9926 (9558–10 309)a | 4336 (4166–4513)a | 0.74 (0.73–0.75) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99)a |
| Obesity (kg/m2) | ||||||
| <27.5 | 24 455 (23 117–25 870) | 20 284 (19 442–21 161) | 10 601 (10 251–10 963) | 4678 (4517–4845) | 0.75 (0.74–0.76) | reference |
| ≥27.5 | 27 046 (20 590–35 526) | 23 099 (18 859–28 291) | 12 810 (11 073–14 820)a | 5323 (4630–6120) | 0.75 (0.72–0.78) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) |
| Coexisting diseases | ||||||
| No | 24 632 (23 250–26 096) | 20 342 (19 472–21 250) | 10 528 (10 168–10 901) | 4668 (4503–4839) | 0.75 (0.74–0.75) | reference |
| Yes | 24 091 (20 053–28 942) | 20 814 (18 166–23 850) | 11 966 (10 833–13 216) | 5133 (4619–5704) | 0.76 (0.74–0.78) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) |
| Immunosuppressant use | ||||||
| No | 24 737 (23 391–26 160) | 20 554 (19 708–21 437) | 10 788 (10 436–11 151) | 4757 (4596–4923) | 0.75 (0.74–0.76) | reference |
| Yes | 17 168 (12 090–24 379)a | 14 067 (10 717–18 465)a | 7065 (5580–8945)a | 2987 (2331–3828)a | 0.74 (0.69–0.78) | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Non-smokers | 24 621 (23 232–26 092) | 20 479 (19 606–21 392) | 10 777 (10 416–11 150) | 4750 (4584–4922) | 0.75 (0.74–0.76) | Reference |
| Current smokers | 23 542 (19 672–28 175) | 19 415 (16 893–22 313) | 9959 (8824–11 239) | 4309 (3829–4848) | 0.74 (0.72–0.77) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) |
| Alcohol drinking | ||||||
| Non or occasional | 25 174 (23 477–26 994) | 20 807 (19 741–21 931) | 10 814 (10 372–11 275) | 4839 (4632–5056) | 0.75 (0.74–0.76) | Reference |
| Weekly or daily | 23 513 (21 483–25 735) | 19 708 (18 411–21 097) | 10 509 (9961–11 087) | 4513 (4272–4769) | 0.75 (0.74–0.76) | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) |
Shown are the estimated GMT of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers on 14, 30, 90, and 180 d since the third mRNA vaccination and the estimated RoM of antibody waning slopes, with adjustment for age (<40 or ≥40 y), sex (male or female), body mass index (<27.5 or ≥27.5 kg/m2), coexisting diseases (yes or no), immunosuppressant use (yes or no), smoking status (current or non-smoker), and frequency of alcohol drinking (<1 or ≥1 time/wk).
GMT, geometric mean titer; RoM, ratio of means.
a
p <0.05.