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. 2023 May 10;13:1146031. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1146031

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Copyright © 2023 Fürtjes, Reinecke, von Spreckelsen, Meißner, Rueß, Timmer, Freudiger, Ion-Margineanu, Khalid, Watrinet, Mawrin, Chmyrov, Goldbrunner, Bruns and Neuschmelting

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Emission spectra of endogenous fluorophores [collagen, melanin, elastin, NADH, FAD, lipofuscin (-like pigments), porphyrins] (26–32) that may interfere with the overlapping emission of the exogenous fluorophores fluorescein and PPIX (33) commonly applied in neurooncological surgery. The corresponding range focused filter setup designed in the dual modal SRS and two-photon fluorescence microscope applied in this study also overlaps with the emission detection filters commonly applied in FGS, (here, YELLOW560© and BLUE400©, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Oberkochem, Germany) (34, 35) the values are normalized to the maximum intensity in the range between 450 and 750 nm and emission was observed with one-photon excitation between 330 and 405 nm for the endogenous fluorophores as well as PPIX and 480 nm for fluorescein.