Fig. (7).

a) conceptual schematic of the human lung showing that the alveoli interact with the neighboring blood vessels during hemostasis or pulmonary dysfunction. b) Engineering drawing of the microdevice containing two PDMS compartments separated by a thin, porous membrane that reproduces the microarchitecture of the alveolar-capillary interface. c) Graphic illustration showing the top compartment (1 mm wide and 1 mm tall) is cultured with human primary alveolar epithelial cells and the entire bottom chamber (1 mm wide and 250 µm tall) lined with human endothelial cells forming a lumen. Whole blood is perfused through the bottom chamber and thrombus formation is visualized using fluorescence microscopy from the bottom. d) Micrograph of human lung alveolar epithelial cells (ZO1, left; brightfield, right; Scale bar, 50 µm) and e) Vascular endothelial cells (VE-cadherin, left; brightfield, right, Scale bar, 50 µm) f) Sideview of confocal micrographs showing junctional structures, after twelve days of co-culture, of a single layer of the primary alveolar epithelium at the top chamber (purple, stained with E-cadherin) and endothelial monolayers covering the entire surface of the lower chamber (green, stained with VE-cadherin), through which blood perfusion takes place. Scale bar: 100 µm. Reproduced with permission from reference [152].